1. Rise of Totalitarian Leaders What conditions give rise to Totalitarian Leaders?

2. Stalin as a child

3. Stalin’s Economic and Social Environment Came to power after Lenin died Just after the Russian Revolutions, famine, civil war, and WWI The country was starving, tired, and wanted someone to fix their lives How did this lead to the rise of Stalin? ▫For the same reason the Russians had the revolution – they were tired of living such terrible lives, and so they wanted someone powerful to fix their lives for them.

4. WWI

5. Russian Revolutions

6. Russian Civil War

7. Russian Famine

8. Politics and Previous Government The Russians had several autocratic leaders before After the Bolsheviks took over, there was only one party that ruled Russia Stalin promised some freedoms How would this help Stalin gain power? ▫The Russian people were used to the type of control that dictators had over them, and when Stalin promised a little freedom and equality, they were excited that it was simply better than their current lives. Also, there was only one person that Stalin had to take over, so it made the process quicker and easier.

9. Russian Art

10. Recap of the Russian Revolutions March Revolution Provisional Government Lenin Czar Nicholas II November (Bolshevik) Revolution

11. How does this lead to Stalin? After the Revolutions, Lenin begins to create a Russia that he wants: ▫Lenin is the only one in power ▫All decisions he makes are for “the people” ▫Everyone must support Communism When Lenin dies, there is a struggle between Trotsky and Stalin for power Stalin wins the struggle and becomes a Totalitarian Leader. DUN DUN DUN!

12. Stalin!!!

13. Young Mussolini

14. Mussolini’s Economic and Social Environment They had just exited from WWI, and almost 500,000 soldiers had died The country was in deep economic debt How would this help Mussolini come to power? ▫The Italians were so angered by the fact that they had lost so much national pride and so many soldiers and money in WWI, that when Mussolini promised to fix their problems, they jumped at the chance to better their lives.

15. Treaty of Versailles

16. Previous Politics and Government Before Mussolini, there was a king who controlled Italy Mussolini gained more support as the economy got weaker How did this help Mussolini rise to power? ▫Because his popularity was growing, the King thought the only way to keep the dynasty going was to make Mussolini “il duce” or dictator. After he had come to power, he never left.

17. Victor Emmanuel

18. Hitler’s Rise to Power What conditions allowed Hitler to come to power in Germany?

19. Hitler’s Rise to Power November 11, 1918: Germans are forced to sign the Armistice June 28, 1919: Germans are forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles by the Allied Powers

20. Hitler’s Rise to Power Germany felt betrayed by the treatment of the Allies. The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to: Reduce their military Accept blame for WWI Lose land and Colonies Pay reparations

21. Hitler’s Rise to Power As a result, Germany faced devastating inflation and high unemployment. Germany’s government, the Weimar Republic, was unstable: Weak coalition governments had to be formed No democratic tradition

22. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1889:Hitler born in Austria 1913:Hitler moves to Germany 1914:Joins German Army; fights in WWI Wounded, earns Iron Cross – high honor

23. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1920: Hitler Joins National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis) 1923: Beer Hall Putsch – Hitler tries and fails to overthrow the government; realizes must take power legally 1924: Hitler writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in prison

24. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1924: Inflation kept under control Dawes Plan and Young Plan help stabilize Germany’s economy

25. 1929: U.S. Stock Market Crashes! The Great Depression…

26. US’ Great Depression How would the US stock market crash affect Germany? ▫Because of the stock market crash, the US would no longer be able to help Germany pay their debt, which led to their hyperinflation

27. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor

28. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor Feb. 27: Reichstag building burns – Hitler blames the Communists

29. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor Feb. 27: Reichstag building burns – Hitler blames the Communists Mar. 20: Dachau - First concentration camp

30. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor Feb. 27: Reichstag building burns – Hitler blames the Communists Mar. 20: Dachau - First concentration camp

31. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor Feb. 27: Reichstag building burns – Hitler blames the Communists Mar. 20: Dachau - First concentration camp Mar. 23: Reichstag passes Enabling Act – Hitler has full dictatorial power

32. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933: Jan. 30: Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor Feb. 27: Reichstag building burns – Hitler blames the Communists Mar. 20: Dachau - First concentration camp Mar. 23: Reichstag passes Enabling Act – Hitler has full dictatorial power June 22: SPD banned

33. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1934: Jun. 30: Night of the Long Knives => Hitler gains support of Army

34. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1934: Jun. 30: Night of the Long Knives => Hitler gains support of Army Aug. 2: President Hindenburg dies => Hitler is Führer