1. Using the Principles of Art
Chapter 6

2. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Horticulture is referred to the art and science of growing plants.
Landscaping is the segment of Horticulture pertaining to the art and science of growing plants in an outdoor setting The art of landscaping deals with visual art. Which is pleasing to the eye.

3. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Plant Selection process is often the most time consuming step in producing a design.
All the plants must fit well with the other elements of the design to make it look attractive.
The major design qualites to consider in selecting plants for the landscape are line, form, texture, and color.

4. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
What is line?
So everything in the landscape has line. Whether it is natural or artifical.
Line gives the viewer’s eye direction and movement.
Lines also create emotional and psychological responses form the viewer

5. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Line Cont..
Vertical Lines are severe and when used in excess causes a feeling of tension and nervousness
Horizontal lines provide relaxing pleasant emotional responses

6. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
What is form?
It is the three demensional shape of the plant. Examples of forms or plant shape include: Columar, Wide -Oval, pyramidal, round, vase shaped, and weeping

7. Wide-oval Much wider than tall Often a small tree
Branches low to the ground
Works well to frame & screen
A focal point plant

8. Wide-oval

9. Vase-shaped High, wide-spreading branches
Usually gives excellent shade
Allows human activity underneath
Make excellent street trees

10. Vase-shaped

11. Pyramidal Shape is less noticeable as the trees mature Accent plant
Large, high branching trees allow human activity beneath

12. Pyramidal

13. Round Width & Height are nearly equal Usually Dense Lawn trees
Can be to create grove effects
If large, can be used to create heavy shade

14. Round

15. Columnar Much taller than wide Accent Plant Frames views & structures
Useful in formal settings

16. Columnar

17. Weeping Very Graceful Attracts the eye (focal point) Screens
Not useful if you want to use the lawn underneath the tree

18. Weeping

19. Weeping

20. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
What is Texture?
It is the appearance of the pant in terms of coarseness or fineness, roughness or smoothness, heaviness or lightness, denseness or thinness.

21. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
There are some rules of design to keep in mind as you consider the texture of plants.
Monotony results if all the plants in the landscape have similar textures. Therefore use some variation to add interest.

22. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
What is Color?
It is the final design quality of plants to consider. Color has the greatest visual impact of all the design qualities

23. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Color Cont..
The colors of visible light are divided into two many groups:
Warm Colors
Cool Colors

24. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Color Cont..
Warm colors are :
Yellow
Orange
Red
They appear to be striking, stimulating, and cheerful and advances toward the viewer. High in visual energy

25. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
Color Cont..
Cool colors are:
Violet
Blue
Green
They have a low visual energy
They invoke a feelign of restfullness and peacefullness

26. The Art and Science of Growing Plants
The main purpose of using plants in the landscape is to provide a natural green setting that creates an atmosphere of restfulness

27. Principles of Design
The selection is based on the principles of art or design. The principles of design referred to in the book include repetition, variety, balance, emphasis, sequence, and scale.

28. Principles of Design What is Repetition?
Keeping the plants simple by repeating forms, texture, and colors of the plants throughout the design. The repetition of the design qualities of plants contributes to unity in the landscape.

29. Principles of Design What is Variety?
This is where you provide variety in the design by selecting some plants with different qualities of line, form, texture, or color from the mass of plants

30. Principles of Design What is Balance?
This is where the design is classified as formal or informal.
Formal is where the design is symmetrical and has the same plantings on each side of the view

31. Principles of Design Balance Cont..
Informal designs are said to be asymmetrical and have different plants and different sizes of plants on each side of the view

32. Principles of Design What is Emphasis?
It indicates dominance of some elements of the design over others.

33. Principles of Design What is Sequence?
is the uniformity of change from one item in the landscape to the next. Changes of at least one quality of form, texture, or color form one area of the planting to anther gives transition

34. Principles of Design What is Scale?
is the proportion of one object to another. It also means the relationship of an object with a designated standard such as a building or a person

35. Shrubs
Multistemmed
Used as the wall element

36. Selecting a Shrub Pay attention to: The silhouette of the shrub
Its branching structure
Size
Texture & Density
Color Contributions

37. Pay attention to: Attraction to birds & other wildlife
Existing soil conditions
Hardiness
Resistance to attacks by insects & disease

38. Types of Shrubs Globular Low & Creeping Spreading Arching Pyramidal
Upright & Loose
Columnar

39. Globular As wide as is tall Attracts attention Accent plant
Use with a single pyramidal to create a strong eye attraction
Does not mass very well.

40. Globular

41. Low & Creeping Low growing Much wider than tall Masses well
Use to edge sidewalks or cascade over walls
Controls erosion

42. Low & Creeping

43. Spreading Wider than tall Medium to large shrub Masses well
Use at corners of buildings
Useful for screening, privacy & traffic control

44. Spreading

45. Arching Wider than tall Graceful Softens corners
Background for flowers & statues
Provides screening

46. Arching

47. Pyramidal Taller than wide Attracts attention Usually evergreen
Use to mark entries

48. Pyramidal

49. Upright & Loose Taller than wide Used for screening & framing
Used to soften buildings
Can closely space to create privacy

50. Upright & Loose

51. Columnar Width about half of height Flat topped & dense
Use for hedges if closely placed
Mass closely to create a solid wall

52. Columnar