1. IGNEOUS ROCKS “Hot Stuff”

2. Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

3. Igneous Rocks: (def) rocks that are formed from the crystallization of magma or lava.

4. Magma: molten rock beneath the earth’s surface Lava: molten rock on the earth’s surface

5. I. Location of igneous rocks Compose 95% of earth’s crust.

6. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?):

7. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals.

8. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface

10. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface.

11. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface. D. Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: cool slowly inside the earth.

12. III. Types of Textures

13. A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained”

14. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained”

15. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” AT WHAT RATE DID THEY COOL?

16. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Phenocrysts and matrix

17. III. Types of Textures C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Matrix Phenocrysts

18. III. Types of Textures D. Others (pyroclastic, glassy, cellular)

19. IV. Composition A. “New” Magma

20. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic in composition

21. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg

22. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed.

23. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K

24. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K * Temperatures: --Basalt Magmas: HOT 1100 C --Granitic Magmas: (COOLER) 800 C

25. IV. Composition B. Process of Crystallization N. L. Bowen (1937) “Bowen’s Reaction Series”

27. OlivineCa Plag. Feldspar

28. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar

29. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar Amphibole Na-Ca Feldspar

30. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar Amphibole Na Plag. FeldsparBiotite Na-Ca Feldspar

31. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar Amphibole Na Plag. FeldsparBiotite Na-Ca Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar

32. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar Amphibole Na Plag. FeldsparBiotite Na-Ca Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite

33. Olivine Ca Plag. Feldspar Pyroxene Ca-Na Feldspar Amphibole Na Plag. FeldsparBiotite Na-Ca Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz

34. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C)

35. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) Olivine

36. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

37. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene

38. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

39. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar

40. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar

41. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite

42. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz

43. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

44. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK LIGHT

45. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK LIGHT INTERM

49. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz LIGHT

52. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz LIGHT

56. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

59. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

68. PUMICE OBSIDIAN

70. SCORIA

72. PERIDOTITE

73. What minerals would you expect to find in a basalt? If a granite cooled quickly, what rock would form? What rocks are chemically the same as diorite? Why are the minerals olivine and quartz usually not found together in the same rock? Igneous “Thought” Questions

74. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies

75. A.Pluton (def): any igneous body that is placed underneath the earth’s surface.

76. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies A.Pluton (def): any igneous body that is placed underneath the earth’s surface B. Terms: Concordant vs.Discordant

77. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies A.Pluton (def): any igneous body that is placed underneath the earth’s surface B. Terms: Concordant vs.Discordant Tabular, Massive, Lenticular

79. DISCORDANT

80. CONCORDANT DISCORDANT

81. MASSIVE!!!

82. TABULAR

83. LENTICULAR

84. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies C. Classification 1. Batholiths and Stocks

85. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies C. Classification 1. Batholiths and Stocks

86. YOSEMITE BATHOLITH

87. BATHOLITH, MOUNT RUSHMORE, SD

88. STOCK

89. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies C. Classification 2. Dikes

90. DIKE

91. BASALT DIKE, SHENANDOAH NATL. PARK

94. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies C. Classification 3. Sills

95. SILL

96. V. Classification of Igneous Bodies C. Classification 4. Laccoliths

102. BIRD’S EYE VIEW 3-D VIEW

105. YIKES!!!!

107. VI. OTHER TOPICS A. Xenoliths

111. VI. OTHER TOPICS A.Xenoliths B. Pegmatites