1. PREPOSITION

2. 由两个介词构成的双重介词：  till after, from behind, except in …  We stayed there till after the sunset.  He picked up the gun from behind the counter.  The weather has been fine except in the north.

3. beneath / underneath  表示 “ 在 …… 下面（两物接触） ” ， underneath 有时用于表示抽象含义。  The earth is beneath our feet.  Underneath that stern exterior was a heart of gold.

4. beside, beyond  beside 表示 “ 在 …… 旁边 ” ， beyond 表示 “ 在 …… 的那一边 ”  I sat beside the driver.  They live in a small village beyond the Great Wall.

5. besides, except, except for, except (that), but  都表示 “ 除了 ……” ，但用法有区别  Besides John, all of us passed the exam. （ John 也及格了） All of us passed the exam except John. （ John 不及格）  You can all go except Tom. We had a very good time except for the weather. 在句首须用 except for. eg. Except for Tom, you can all go.  Except (that) 表示 “ 只是 ……” ，后面连接从句。 I would willingly go except that it is too far. (to be continued)

6. besides, except, except for, except (that), but  But 用作介词时，常用于 all, no, nobody, who, where 等词后面； but 不用于句首。  There is no one here but me.  Who but Tom would have done such a thing?  All but / except the captain were rescued.

7. due to / owing to  due to 用作表语， owing to 用作状语，但 现在也常见 due to 用作状语  His absence was due to the storm.  He arrived late owing to / due to the storm.

8. With 引导的独立结构  with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 He knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.  with + 名词 / 代词 + 动词 -ing 形式 With his satchel trailing behind him, the small boy ran past.  with + 名词 / 代词 + 动词 -ed 形式 With the question settled, they were happy and relaxed. (to be continued)

9. With 引导的独立结构  with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 With chalk in one hand and a textbook in the other, the professor rested against the blackboard.  with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Although they sat with doors and windows open, they were overpowered by heat.  with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 He went out with no hat on.