1. 6:3 ● The Gilded Age ● Name given to the late-1800's by Mark Twain ● “gilded”: something covered in gold, but cheap underneath ● America looked wealthy and prosperous, but there was much poverty and misery

2. 6:3 ● Social Darwinism ● Herbert Spencer, British philosopher ● “survival of the fittest” (evolution) ● Taking a theory of nature and applying it to society

3. 6:3 ● Gospel of Wealth ● Created “philanthropy” (people with money should help those less fortunate) ● The wealthy could help society by building libraries, hospitals, schools – Better than giving the poor money

4. 6:3 ● Realism ● Art and literature of the time reflected real life ● Mark Twain – “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (1884)

5. 6:3 ● Popular Culture (“Pop Culture”) ● Industrialization made America more wealthy ● More wealth = extra leisure time ● Saloons ● Sports ● Vaudeville – Animal acts, dancers, acrobats

6. 6:3 ● Presidents ● 19th: Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) ● 20th: James Garfield (1881) ● 21 st : Chester Arthur (1881-1885)

7. 6:3 ● Civil Service Reform ● End “patronage” (favors for political support) ● Interstate Commerce Commission – Regulate big business

8. 6:3 ● 25 th President: William McKinley ● McKinley Tariff – High taxes on imports – Protect American manufactures ● Sherman Anti-Trust Act – Tried to limit monopolies

9. 6:3 ● Social Gospel ● Help those in need through biblical principles ● Salvation Army ● YMCA ● Settlement Houses – Housed the poor – Provided medical care, education, activities – Jane Addams