1. Supernovas, Dark Energy, and an Accelerating Universe: What Next? Saul Perlmutter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2. Abel 370: deep space image

3. The Thinker

4. Basic concepts

5. Me and audience

6. Sun 8 minutes ago

7. Nearest star & earth orbit

8. Nearest galaxy & first evidence of humans

9. Nearest clusters & dinosaurs

10. Abel 370: deep space image

11. Basic concepts: expanding universe

12. Picture of Einstein

13. Einstein 1920 (3 years after)

14. Prism picture

15. Frauenhoffer’s spectrum of sun

16. Through prism

17. Through prism, redshifted

18. Doppler shift picture Object receding: Long RED waves Object approaching: Short BLUE waves

19. Hubble’s original Hubble diagram

20. Blank Slide Show Transparencies

21. How much is this expansion? 50 km/sec/Mpc How much growth is this? I grow an angstrom/year But –in fact– things that are bound don’t expand. Photons do! How fast is this expansion?

22. Basic concepts: Redshift

23. Stretched wavelengths

24. Basic concepts: Standard Candle

25. Hubble’s original Hubble diagram

26. Candles

27. Basic concepts: Age of Universe

28. Blank Slide Show Transparencies

29. age of the universe if it had always expanded at today’s rate distance between galaxies is growing, but slower, if the universe is decelerating age of the universe Age from H0

30. Future possibilities: expand/collapse

31. Basic concepts

32. How to measure cosm (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Empty More redshift = Faster expansion in past = Expansion is slowing = More mass in universe Finite Borderline

33. Picture of accretion on WD star

34. lightcurve MPEG movie

35. 3-panel MPEG movie

36. SNe Ia lightcurves (matched)

37. Through prism

38. 3-panel MPEG movie

39. NYT: stretched spectrum matches

40. Problems with SNe Ia

41. Strategy (simple)

42. CTIO site

43. CTIO 4m dome

44. Inside CTIO 4m

45. Blank Slide Show Transparencies

46. Before/after & HST

47. Strategy with world

48. How to measure cosm (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Empty Universe Eventually Recollapses Finite Borderline

49. Our data on Hubble diagram Universe Eventually Recollapses (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Supernova Cosmology Project Calan/Tololo Survey relative brightness MORE REDSHIFT

50. The Implications of an Accelerating Universe

51. Future possibilities: expand/collapse

52. Future with accelerating universe Accelerating Universe

53. The Implications of an Accelerating Universe

54. Composition of the Cosmos Dark Energy: 65% Dark Matter: 30%

55. Montage of Magazine covers Breakthrough of the Year:

56. Quotes from Theorists November 30, 1999

57. “SNAP”: SuperNova Acceleration Probe

58. Assembling SNAP Movie courtesy of Hytec

59. SNAP Hubble diagram

60. N.Y. Times weighs in on Dark Energy April 10, 2001

61. Future with accelerating universe Accelerating Universe

62. Expansion History of the Universe

63. The Expansion History of the Universe

64. Blank Slide

65. Quinten Quartet

66. Blank Slide

67. Hubble diagram of our data

68. Time Magazine weighs in on Dark Energy Time Magazine 4/16/01

69. Telescope Assembly Movie courtesy of Hytec

70. SNAP

71. Picture of orbiting HST

72. New Yorker cartoon: chicken little

73. Extrapolate age from HO

74. How to measure cosmology