1. Monsoon Troughs ATS 553

2. TRADE WIND TROUGH: Northeasterlies and southeasterlies converge near the equator. Occurs primarily over open oceans. 0° H H

3. H H TRADE WIND TROUGH: Migrates slightly into NH during Northern Summer. Migrates slightly into SH during Southern Summer.

4. 0° H H Near Tropical Land Masses: Subtropical highs and the ITCZ migrate much farther poleward during the local summer season due to heating of the continent.

5. 0° H H Near Tropical Land Masses: Subtropical highs and the ITCZ migrate much farther poleward during the local summer season due to heating of the continent.

6. 0° H H A Big Problem: Notice that the cross-equatorial flow now extends far into the summer hemisphere. Deflected the wrong way by the Coriolis force! Should turn opposite direction…

7. 0° H H MONSOON TROUGH Cross equatorial flow initially has very little deflection either to the left OR to the right. Then the flow is deflected to the RIGHT (in the NH). Northeasterlies converge with southwesterlies in the ITCZ.

8. 0° H H MONSOON TROUGH A defining trait: There are westerlies EQUATORWARD of the ITCZ!

9. 0° H H BUFFER ZONE Region of anticyclonic curvature in the flow EQUATORWARD of the ITCZ. Usually cloud-free.

10. 0° H H How this works in the Southern Hemisphere For a continent in the SH, ITCZ and the subtropical highs migrate far to the south in December- January-February.

11. 0° H H How this works in the Southern Hemisphere Cross-equatorial flow is deflecting to the right in the SH— WRONG!!!

12. 0° H H How this works in the Southern Hemisphere Instead, at a high- enough southern latitude, low deflects to the LEFT. MONSOON TROUGH: Southeasterlies converge with northwesterlies.

13. 0° H H How this works in the Southern Hemisphere Notice that once again there are westerlies EQUATORWARD of the ITCZ.

14. 0° H H How this works in the Southern Hemisphere Notice that once again there is a buffer zone EQUATORWARD of the ITCZ.