1. Oliver Twist A Brief Introduction
Oliver Twist is a child of unknown parentage born in a workhouse and brought up under cruel conditions to which pauper children were formerly exposed, the tyrant at whose hands he especially suffers being Bumble, the parish beadle. After experience of an unhappy apprenticeship, he runs away, reaches London, and falls into the hands of a gang of thieves.
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2. The head is the old Jew Fagin, and other chief members are the burglar Bill Sikes, his mistress Nancy, and “the Artful Dodger”, an impudent young pickpocket. Every effort is made to convert Oliver into a thief.
He is temporarily rescued by the benevolent Mr. Brownlow, but kidnapped by the gang, whose interest in his retention has been increased by the offers of a sinister person named Monks, who has a special interest in Oliver's perversion.
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3. Oliver is now made to accompany Bill Sikes on a burgling expedition, in the course of which he receives a gun-shot wound, and comes into the hands of Mrs. Maylie and Rose, by whom he is kindly treated and brought up.
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4. Nancy, who develops some redeeming traits, reveals to Rose that Monks knows Oliver's parentage, and wishes all proof of it destroyed, and that there is some relationship between Oliver and Rose herself. Inquiry is set on foot. In the course of it Nancy's action is discovered by the gang, and she is brutally murdered by Bill.
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5. A hue and cry is raised; Sikes, trying to escape, accidentally hangs himself, and the rest of the gang are secured.
Fagin is executed. Monks, found and threatened with exposure, confesses what remains unknown. He is the half-brother of Oliver.
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6. He has pursued his ruin, animated by hatred and the desire to retain the whole of his father's property. Rose is the sister of Oliver's unfortunate mother. Oliver is adopted by Mr. Brownlow Monks emigrates and dies in prison. Bumble ends his career in the workhouse over which he formerly ruled
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7. The plot has been criticized to be improbable: throughout the novel, there are too many happy coincidences to be believable.
And the characters are described to be unconvincing, too: Fagin and Bill Sikes are too inhuman to be true, while the rich Mr. Brownlow and Miss Maylie are vaguely pictured as benevolent and good; Oliver himself is a pale figure who seems to be ever the helpless victim of fate.
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8. As a realist, Dickens makes his readers aware of the inhumanity of city life under capitalism in Oliver Twist.
In the first eleven chapters, he bitterly and thoroughly exposes the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the cruel treatment of a poor orphan by all sorts of “philanthropists.”
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9. In the description of the thieves' den and of the under-world of London, the author succeeds in calling forth the reader's sympathy for the down-trodden people of the lower classes.
They are degraded and corrupted by the social environment of the time, either climb up to be parasites or oppressors or fall to be victims of society or even criminals.
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10. The happy ending of the Oliver Twist's life shows Dickens's optimistic belief in the inevitable triumph of good over evil. It also shows that Dickens' belief that the social problem would be settled if only every employer followed the example set by good gentlemen like Brownlow.
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11. The famous scene in Chapter II, which is selected here, is only one of the details to show the extreme brutality and corruption of the oppressors and their agents. In this part, Oliver was beaten and punished merely because he ventured to ask for an extra portion of gruel to alleviate his intolerable hunger. It is in scenes like this that we see the great critical realist voicing the helpless sufferings of the poor and oppressed.
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