1. Bird Vocab Quiz- Study Vocab!!!!

2. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia
SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth.
Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles

3. Primitive Chordate

4. Fish Two Chambered Heart

5. Amphibian Heart-
3 Chambers
Fig

6. Reptilian Heart – 3 chambers Crocodile- incomplete 4

7. Fig

8. Synapsids Animals with one skull opening behind eye socket
Located in the temporal region

9. Pelycosaurs Synapsid reptiles from Pennsylvanian and Permian
MYA
Body close to ground
Legs away from body
Canine like teeth
Dimetron

10. Therapsids Before dinosaurs
Evidence suggests Mammals evolved from therapsids
Body raised off the ground
Limbs more under the body
Teeth differentiated into 3 types
Lystrosaurus

11. Cynodonts “dog tooth” Lumbar ribs reduced or absent
Well developed secondary palate
Lower jaw reduced to one bone
Thrinaxodon
Cynognathus

12. Transitional Fossil Thrinaxodon
mya
Body divided into lumbar and thoracic regions

13. Transitional Fossil Cynognathus
mya
May have been endothermic and gave birth to live young
Smaller than a wolf

14. Cladogram of Synapsids
Cynodonts
Mammals
Therapsids
Molars, hair, glands
Pelycosaurs
Reduced ribs, 1 jaw bone
Limbs under body, different types of teeth
Canine like teeth
Synapsid reptiles

15. Early Mammals
Triassic
225 MYA
Small
Megazostrodon

16. Repenomamus robustus Ate Dinosaurs

17. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Have fur/hair
mammary glands
Viviparous- Give birth to live young (except monotremes)
Length of time in uterus - gestation period
Extended parental care
4 chambered heart
endothermic

18. Mammalian Anatomical Adaptations
Muscular Diaphragm
Specialized teeth
Seven cervical(neck)vertebrae
Outer ear
Well developed brain- Largest cerebrum
Sweat glands
7. Diphyodont teeth
Two sets
8. Heterodont teeth
Different shapes and functions

19. Basic Mammal

20. Lion

21. Rhinoceros

22. Gorilla

23. Chimpanzee

24. Chimp and Human

25. Bat

26. Same bones, different stance

28. Incisors

29. Canine

30. Premolars

31. Molars

32. Mammal Circulation

33. Fig
Fig

34. Humans Reunite with Animals They Raised

35. Mammal Classification
14 major orders
Over 4,000 species
About half are rodents

37. Monotremes “cloaca” Lay eggs Incubate 12 days
Lick milk from mothers fur
Transitional species
Ex. Echidna, duck-billed platypus

38. Marsupials Pouched mammals Birth to tiny embryo
Embryo attaches to mother’s nipple to complete development

39. Marsupials and Monotremes in Australia
Triassic Period
Mammals evolved
Pangea
Jurassic Period
Monotremes and marsupials migrated to southern pangea
Cretaceous Period
Pangea breaks up

40. Placental Mammals Placenta nourishes embryo Long gestation period
22 months for elephant
Most successful group of mammals

41. Placental Mammals Competitive advantage over monotremes and marsupials
Better nutrition from placenta
Less vulnerable to predators
More advanced at birth

42. Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic Egg
Reptile
Chorion
Oxygen from air
Amnion
Provides private pond
Yolk Sac
Food for embryo
Allantois
Store urinary waste
Mammal
Chorion
Form placenta to get oxygen & food from mothers blood
Amnion
Provides private pond
Yolk sac
Temporarily make RBCs
Allantois
Form umbilical cord

44. Placental: Order Insectivora
Sharp-snout
Small
Burrow underground
Eat insects

45. Order Chiroptera Only Flying mammals Elongated fingers Echolocation
Ex. bats
Importance-
Seed dispersal
Pollination
Control insects

46. Echolocation

47. Smallest Mammal
Kitti’s hog-nosed Bat
Bumble bee size
1.5 grams

48. Order Xenarthra
Toothless or peg like teeth

49. Order Carnivora
Large canine teeth
Teeth adapted to shear flesh

50. Order Rodentia Chisel-like incisor teeth Continuously grow
Largest order

51. Order Cetacea “large sea animal”
Front limbs modified into flippers
No hind limbs
Marine

52. Whales Blue whale 100 feet long, 120 tons Loudest animal– 188 dB
9 story building
Loudest animal– 188 dB
Sound travels 100’s of miles

54. Blue Whale Baleen whale Eats krill Heart weighs 1000 pounds
Tiny crustaceans
400 pounds/day
Heart weighs 1000 pounds
Size of a Volkswagen
Endangered species

55. Grey Whale

56. Migrates 12,500 miles

57. Grey Whale 50 feet long 35 tons Baleen whale Endangered species
Sift mud
Endangered species

58. Killer Whale

59. Breaching

60. Killer Whale 12,000 pounds Eat fish, squid, seals and whales
200 pounds/day
Swim 30 mph

61. Humpback Whale

62. Order Pinnipedia “fin feet” Limbs modified for swimming
Marine carnivores
Seals, sea lions, walrus

63. Order Proboscidea
Tusks
Largest living land mammal

64. Order Artiodactyla “even toe” Two or four toes
Giraffes, impalas, moose, bison, cows

65. Order Perissodactyla
“odd toed”
One or three toes
Horses
rhinos

66. Order Primata Opposable thumb Binocular vision Fingernails usually
Mammary glands reduced to one thoracic pair
Most intelligent group of animals

67. The End

68. Evolution Change over time
Which Chordate class do you think has more advantages/adaptations to survive changing times?
Which classes have disadvantages?
Which Chordate classes can you see evolutionary similarities in so far?