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IV: Ice velocity – costal regions + select areas (phase 1), all ice sheet (ph. 2) SEC: Surface elevation changes, ERS/Envisat/CryoSat, 1991-2014 GLL: Grounding lines from SAR, main northern floating glaciers 1991-present CFL: Calving front locations - 20+ main outlet glaciers 1991-present SECIVGLLCFL* GCOS requirements - Horizontal resolution 100 m1 km 20-150 m - Temporal resolution30 days 1 yr35 days - Accuracy0.1 m/yr10 m/yr1 km50-300 m CCI implementation - Horizontal resolution5 km500 m200 m - Temporal resolution1 yr1 yr (S1)5 yr1 yr - Accuracy0.1 m/yr20 m/yr1 km200 m (Greenland) Ice Sheets CCI
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Coverage areas for IV / SAR interferometry: Phase 1: Coastal regions, northern basin, Time series W coast glaciers Phase 2: All ice sheet covered multiple times – Sentinel-1A/B Periods covered
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ECV improvements (SEC) SEC from ERS and Envisat 1992-2008 (Khvorostovsky, NERSC) SEC from Envisat CCI solution 2002-10
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ECV improvements (IV) CCI coastal coverage 1995/96 NE Greenland ice stream zoom-in
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Time series: CFL Jakobshavn glacier CFL (EnviSat ASAR-summer) Time series SAR imagery (Sermeq Avannarleq) 1993 2003 2010
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Uncertainties: SEC and IV 1993 2003 SEC uncertainty (scale 0-0.5 m/yr) IV velocities (left) and uncertainty (right), m/yr ALOS/PALSAR, NE Greenland, with GPS sites
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Validation: SEC and IV 1993 2003 Validation of SEC: NASA IceBridge and ESA CryoVEx repeat flights DTU CryoVEx / Promice NASA Parca / IceBridge Validation of IV: GPS on glaciers
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Overall changes of the ice sheet 2003 Envisat 2002-10 (CCI) ICESAT 2003-9 (DTU)
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Mass balance of the ice sheet GRACE 2003-12 (DTU Masscons) Envisat (CCI) and GRACE merged solution Overall mass loss (excl Canadian ice caps) ~ 230 GT/yr ~ 0.7 mm global sea level rise
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Trends in Greenland ice sheet 5-year running means of Envisat (ECV time series) 2003-7 2004-8 2005-9 2006-10 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 m/yr A: accelerating loss D: decelerating D A A
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Glacier changes: CFL movie 1992-2010
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CCI auxillary data Improved DEM of Greenland from digital mapping, ASTER, ERS/ICESat and CryoSat Reference for SEC and IV.. resolution 200 m-1 km, polar stereographic or UTM Land/ice masks … including outlying glaciers and ice caps … new CCI 500 m mask
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Ice Sheets CCI status First prototype products Sep 2013 … ECV production ongoing: - Envisat altimetry, await REAPER reprocessing for ERS-1 and ERS-2 - IV processing: await new Radarsat 2013 data - ECV processing complete June 2014 Data web site: http://products.esa-icesheets-cci.org/ New CCI project add-ons 2013: - SAR software readiness for Sentinel-1 - CryoSat-2 use (fill-in between EnviSat and Sentinel-3) - Preparation for Antarctica CCI Selected papers: - Ticconi, Levinsen, Khvorostovsky, Forsberg, Shepherd. "Results of Ice_Sheets_cci Round Robin Activity Surface Elevation Changes“ IGARSS proceedings. Melbourne, July 2013. - Forsberg, R et al: Mass loss of Greenland from GRACE, IceSat and Cryosat. CryoSat workshop proceedings, ESA SP-717, Dresden, 2013.. - Levinsen et al: ESA Ice Sheets CCI: inter-comparison of surface elevation changes from laser and radar altimetry over Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland. The Cryosphere, 8, 1-13, 2014. - Sørensen et al: Greenland change from Envisat, JGR, to be submitted, 2014.
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SE-Greenland calving front, Køge Bugt Phase-1 achievements: First European SAR mapping of ice velocity at margins / basins Demonstrated the potential of Envisat for height change mapping Time series of calving fronts – 20+ major outlet glaciers Phase-2 developments: Seamless SEC 1991-2017 (ERS, Envisat, CS-2, Sentinel-3) 2x icesheet-wide velocity mapping, Sentinel-1, 2014-17 Time series of velocity 1991-present on 7 main glaciers GRACE-derived mass balance as new ECV Antarctica Ice Sheet CCI project - Close coordination with Greenland CCI (joint CRG, joint GRACE RR)
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www.polarportal.dkwww.polarportal.dk – cooperation DMI, GEUS, DTU-Space Daily surface mass balance GRACE visualization
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Antarctic ice sheet CCI Start 2015 – Phase II directly (build on Ice_Sheets_CCI – UK lead): - Altimetry elevation changes 1991-present (ERS, Envisat, CryoSat) - Ice velocities from SAR – common software and cloud computing - GRACE mass balance - Grounding Line Locations on major icestreams and ice shelves
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Thanks for your attention Jotulstraumen, East Antarctica, DTU 2012
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