1. The Historical Roots of the Taiwan Issue Week 2

2. Week 2: Teaching Outline Taiwan’s Complex History Taiwan’s Return to China (1945) Impact of the Korean War on Taiwan

3. 1. Taiwan’s Complex History Formosa (From Portuguese, 16 th century) Dutch occupation of southwest Taiwan (1624-1662) Japanese Colonial Rule (1895-1945) 4 foreign countries have their flags flown over Taiwan before 1945 Returning to China (1945--) Length of Taiwanese history:400 years?

4. 1. Taiwan’s Complex History Length of Taiwanese history (2200) –Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) –Three Kingdoms Period (220-280 A.D.) –Sui Dynasty (589-618 A.D.) –Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368 A.D) –Zheng Chenggong Regime (1662-1683) –Part of Fukien Province (1683-1884) –Taiwan Province (1885-1895)

5. Taiwan before 1895 1662: Zheng Chenggong expelled the Dutch, remained loyal to Ming Dynasty 1683: Qing defeated Zheng 1885: Qing declared Taiwan a province

6. Taiwan Republic Stamp and Post Mark(1895)

7. The Nature of Taiwan Republic Taiwan Republic (1895) National title and flag –Yongqing (Loyal to Qing Quart forever) Its relations with the Qing court –Tiger and Dragon

8. Japan’s Colonial Rule of Taiwan Transformative impact Contrasting historical memories and interpretation of pre-1945 Taiwan held by different political and ethnic groups The Taiwan Cultural Association and Formosan nationalism Local elections since 1935 Assimilating Taiwanese into Japanese citizens

9. 1895 to 1945 Taiwan - 1895: Taiwan became a colony of Japan; economic development followed to make Taiwan a “model colony” - 1920s: home rule movement - 1930: final battles between Japanese and Aboriginals - ‘30s: limited local elections - ‘30s: “Japanization” campaign - ’37-’45: Taiwanese incorporated into Japanese armed forces Mainland - 1898: reform movement - 1911: Xinhai Revolution - 1912: Republic of China founded - 1919: May 4 th Movement - 1920s: struggle for national unification - 1920s-40s: conflict between CCP and GMD - 1931: Japan invaded Dongbei - ’37-’45: Anti-Japanese War

10. 1945-1949 1945: “Retrocession” ( 光復 ) 1947: 2-28 Incident 1949: Mainlanders pouring into Taiwan – altogether,1.5- 2 million “ 外省人 ” arrived

11. February 28 incident (1947) –Background Street vendor selling contraband cigarettes was beaten by police officer A bystander was shot Demonstrations followed and more were killed Brutal suppression: 10000-28000 killed

12. February 28 incident (1947) –Consequences Overseas independence movement Historical memory 2.28 peace park in Taipei

13. ROC to Taiwan KMT regime moving to Taiwan (1949) –Adding more than 1.5 millions to Taiwanese population The U.S. hands-off policy in the early 1950

14. 3. Impact of the Korean War on Taiwan (June 25, 1950) –Seventh Fleet into the Strait –Not salvaging a corrupt government, but preventing the spread of Communism (Mutual Defense Treaty) –“The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United States” ( President Truman )

15. Retaking the Mainland Militarily Using Taiwan as the counterattacking base against the mainland in order to recover the ROC (50s to 60s)

16. Retaking the mainland? “Recovery of the mainland would require 70% political works and 30% military efforts” “Three People’s Principles Unify China”

17. Authoritarian Era ( 威權時代 ) Constitution suspended, martial law imposed until unification was complete Single-party government Repression of dissent Dedication to 國民黨 goal: national unification Discrimination against 本 省人 and 本土文化

18. 历史脉络 元朝（澎湖巡检司的设立） 荷兰殖民统治（ 1624 － 1662 ） 明郑 (1662-1683) – 反清复明 – 图谋吕宋 ( 海商资本的冲动 VS. 长城文化的 防御性 ) 福建台湾府 (1683-1884) – 为防台而治台 ( 东南七省之屏障 VS. 动乱之 渊 )

19. 历史脉络 台湾省 (1884-1895) 中法战争和台湾建省 台湾民主国（ 1895 ） – 永清（国号） – 唐景崧（台湾巡抚）与张之洞 ( 南洋大臣） 日据台湾（ 1895 － 1945 ） 光复初期（ 1945 － 1949 ） –“ 中华民国 ” 到台湾 朝鲜战争和美国因素的介入