1. 6TH ANNUAL HARRIS COUNTY INTERNATIONAL TRADE & TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 23, 2014 1 6 TH HARRIS COUNTY INTERNATIONAL TRADE & TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Exploring Smart Trade Routes for optimum performance Session 3: “Refrigerated and Produce Initiative” Prof. Maria G. Burns Director, Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy (CLTP) College of Technology - UH

2. Contents 4. Modal choice, time barriers and Cargo Perishability 1. Cold chain logistics: An Overview 2. Shipment integrity and quality assurance Contents 2ECLT 5710 Distributed and Mobile Systems 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 6. Recommendations and Conclusions “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 3. Cold chain logistics: a statistical analysis

3. 1. Cold chain logistics: An Overview 3ECLT 5710 Distributed and Mobile Systems “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Cold chain commodities Cold chain commodities: temperature-controlled goods. They Include : Food productsFood products: meat; fish; bananas; deciduous fruit; citrus fruit; tropical fruit; and dairy. Frozen foodsFrozen foods, processed foods/meat/fish ChemicalsChemicals, pharmaceutical drugs; HAZMAT Cargoes &HAZMAT Cargoes & other temperature-sensitive commodities. They require: Standard Operating Procedures / Quality ManagementStandard Operating Procedures / Quality Management Temperature-controlled environmentTemperature-controlled environment throughout the supply chain Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution. Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution.

4. 2. Shipment integrity and quality assurance 4ECLT 5710 Distributed and Mobile Systems “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Cold chain commodities Cold chain commodities:Challenges: Temperature-sensitive = Temperature Monitoring & Controlling Time-sensitive = Efficient Trade Routes, minimum disruptions Quality-sensitive = Perishable Goods Attributes & Market Trends: Tailor-made handling; Visibility & Flexibility Seasonal trade: reliability needed Time-delivery restrictions Efficient transportation planning needed to protect the cargo quality “from production to the last mile” Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution. Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution.

5. 2. Shipment integrity and quality assurance 5ECLT 5710 Distributed and Mobile Systems “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Solutions: Technologies used: 1.RFID: Radio frequency identification devices: Tracking cargoes, measuring times; 2. TTI: Time Temperature Indicators: display a summary of the aggregate time & ‐ temperature history of the product; 3. GPS: Global Positioning Systems 4. AIS: Automatic Identification Systems Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution. Production; Packaging; Transportation; Cargo Loading/Discharging; Storage, Customs Clearance; Warehousing; Distribution.

6. 3. Cold chain logistics: a statistical analysis. 6 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Global Reefer Industry Global volume growth: 4.5% a year Commodity Perishable growth: 3.3% for the past decade Reefer fleet: over 2 million TEUs (+6% a year) Industry requires a better return of investment (ROI); Cold Chain Logistics Management: New Trends for Global Logistics companies Global Reefer Industry Global volume growth: 4.5% a year Commodity Perishable growth: 3.3% for the past decade Reefer fleet: over 2 million TEUs (+6% a year) Industry requires a better return of investment (ROI); Cold Chain Logistics Management: New Trends for Global Logistics companies -Economy Efficiency -Energy Efficiency -Time Efficiency -Environmental Protection -Economies of Scale -Smart Modal Choice -Smart Trade Route Selection -Efficient Transport -Economies of Scale -Smart Modal Choice -Smart Trade Route Selection -Efficient Transport

7. THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY 6TH ANNUAL HARRIS COUNTY INTERNATIONAL TRADE & TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 23, 2014 7 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics”

8. HOUSTON : MARKETPLACE LEADERSHIP TEXAS is No. 1 State Offering Best Incentives for Business and Industry 2013 Survey to Site Consultants Site Selection Magazine TEXAS is No. 1 State Offering Best Incentives for Business and Industry 2013 Survey to Site Consultants Site Selection Magazine  Houston is the Energy Capital of the World  Becoming the Shipping Center for the Americas  Energy & Industrial conglomerates moving to Texas  Foreign Trade Zones & Freeport exemptions  More than 474 M SQ FT of industrial space  Large variety of State and Local incentives  Houston is the Energy Capital of the World  Becoming the Shipping Center for the Americas  Energy & Industrial conglomerates moving to Texas  Foreign Trade Zones & Freeport exemptions  More than 474 M SQ FT of industrial space  Large variety of State and Local incentives TEXAS is No. 1 State for Doing Business Area Development Facility and Site Planning 2013 HOUSTON is No. 1 Manufacturing City Manufacturers’ News Inc. 2013 HOUSTON is No. 1 Metropolitan Area and No. 1 in Total Projects Site Selection Magazine – March 2013 HOUSTON is No. 1 Largest Export Market in U.S. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration 2013 HARRIS COUNTY is No. 1 Largest in Population Gain U.S. Census Bureau 2013 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics”

9. 4. Modal choice, time barriers and Cargo Perishability 9 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” Source: Drewry Consultants 2008-2014 US Ports & Reefer Slots The Global Maritime Industry: Refrigerated Cargoes vs. Refrigerated Ships

10. 10 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes FACTS AND FIGURES

11. 11 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 4 Key Global Customers: 1.Central America Guatemala, Costa Rica Honduras Colombia 2. W.C. South America: Chile Peru Ecuador 3. South Africa: 4. S.E. ASIA: Fruit, Flowers Fruit: Avocados, Apples Citrus Fruits Fish & Seafood (Tilapia, Shrimp, Oysters) Fish & Seafood (Tilapia, Shrimp, Oysters) COLD CHAIN US IMPORT PORTS: -PHILADELPHIA -CALIFORNIA -FLORIDA -NY/NJ -N. CAROLINA -DELAWARE -GEORGIA

12. 12 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 1. Central America Guatemala, Costa Rica Honduras Colombia 2. W.C. South America: Chile Peru Ecuador 3. South Africa 3. S.E. ASIA

13. 13 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 1. Central America Guatemala, Costa Rica Honduras Colombia From Puerto Barrios, Guatemala Distance To: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) 1728 nautical miles Vessel speed14 knots time5 days and 3 hours From Puerto Barrios, Guatemala Distance To: HOUSTON, TX 1067 nautical miles Vessel speed14 knots time3 days and 4 hours

14. 14 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 2. W.C. South America: Chile Peru Ecuador From Laredo, Chile Distance To: HOUSTON, TX 7496 nautical miles / 5504 Vessel speed14 knots time22D/7Hrs/ OR 16D/9Hrs From Laredo, Chile Distance To: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) 6962 nautical miles / 5922 Vessel speed14 knots time22D/17Hrs/ OR 17D/15Hrs

15. 15 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” 5. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes 3. S.E. ASIA From: Cape town, SAFR Distance To: Houston, TX (*via Suez) 10,500 nautical miles Vessel speed14 knots time31 days From: Jakarta, Indonesia Distance To: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) 12,000 nautical miles Vessel speed14 knots time35 days and 10 hours

16. Cold chain logistics: a statistical analysis. 16 “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” COLD CHAIN NETWORKS: -PHILADELPHIA -CALIFORNIA -FLORIDA -NY/NJ -N. CAROLINA -DELAWARE -GEORGIA Domestic Migration, 2013 - 2014

17. M. BURNS, TRB June 2014 17 ECONOMIC GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT “Market Analysis for Cold Chain Logistics” POLITICAL, MILITARY, ECONOMIC CENTERS PRODUCTION industrial zone, refineries. DISTRIBUTION CENTERS, Mass Storage Areas TRANSPORTATIONCENTERS 4. Exploring Shorter and Smarter Trade Routes

18. THE MANY FACES OF THE TRIPLE-E Concept THE MANY FACES OF THE TRIPLE-E Concept MGB 201418 EXPLORING SHORTER & SMARTER ROUTES: TIME VS. MONEY= ECONOMIES TIME VS. MONEY= ECONOMIES FASTER DELIVERY = BETTER QUALITY FASTER DELIVERY = BETTER QUALITY ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ENERGY Increased ACCESSIBILITY Increased ACCESSIBILITY Eliminate Bottlenecks Eliminate Bottlenecks SAFETY (Minimize Accidents) SAFETY (Minimize Accidents) EXPLORING SHORTER & SMARTER ROUTES: TIME VS. MONEY= ECONOMIES TIME VS. MONEY= ECONOMIES FASTER DELIVERY = BETTER QUALITY FASTER DELIVERY = BETTER QUALITY ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ENERGY Increased ACCESSIBILITY Increased ACCESSIBILITY Eliminate Bottlenecks Eliminate Bottlenecks SAFETY (Minimize Accidents) SAFETY (Minimize Accidents)

19. 1) DRIVERS Direct Direct: Cold Chain Products: -Increased Demand -Import Regulations Indirect Indirect: -Existing Networks -Technology 3) STATE -PERISHABLE CARGOES -Time-sensitive -Quality-sensitive -Temperature-sensitive 2) PRESSURES 4) IMPACTS 5) RESPONSE -Demographic & economic changes affect national distribution networks. - Demographic Impact - Economic Impact - Lifecycle changes -Food cycle changes -Environmental Impact -Health Impact National Network & Infrastructure Adaptation BY WHOM BY WHOM: Federal/State authorities (DHS CBP and DOT, DOC); Importers, Transportation & Distribution channels HOW: Transport planning HOW: Transport planning, Laws, Regulations & Policies Change Trade Patterns Transport Planning New Transport Networks Economic & Commercial Impact For Cold Chain Products Schematic DPSIR Framework (From an Industry/Consumers’ perspective) 6TH ANNUAL HARRIS COUNTY INTERNATIONAL TRADE & TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 23, 2014 19

20. 6TH ANNUAL HARRIS COUNTY INTERNATIONAL TRADE & TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 23, 2014 20 Prof. Maria G. Burns Director, Center for Logistics & Transportation Policy “The next level of Seaport Efficiency” Thank You. QUESTIONS, COMMENTS OR REMARKS?