1. Simulation in Korea to support CAX
Good afternoon! Ladies and gentlemen!
My name is Sang-Yun Jeong.
I am from KIDA which is Korea Institute for Defense Analyses. We research for the national defense policy.
I am the chief of DM&S research division of KIDA.
I appreciate Dr. Roland inviting me and my team to the conference. I met him first about fifteen years ago.
At that time he was a middle-aged man, nowadays, however, he looks younger than that time.
I think it can be attributed to his passion for his work.
Thank you again for your support and kindness.
Now let us changed my presentation subject.
I am going to introduce simulation in Korea to support computer assisted exercise.

2. Agenda JTLS in Korea ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Simulation Development Plan
Republic of Korea
I am going to present 3 topics for simulation in Korea.
First topic is how to use JTLS.
Second, I am going to introduce the plan to support CAX of ROK JCS.
Last is our simulation developing plan to support ROK-US combined and joint CPX.

3. 10~15 foreign officers join annually
JTLS in Korea
JTLS is used by ROK AU(Air University)
To give an experience for joint warfare to students of AU
Joint operations : important factor in modern warfare
Especially, air fighter & commander required joint concept
JTLS is a unique joint theater level simulation
ROK AU
The supreme professional military education org. for air force offices
3 courses
SOC - Squadron Officer Course
CSC - Command Staff Course
Pre-commander course
In Korea, JTLS is used by Air University.
They are using JTLS to give an experience for joint warfare to students of AU. As you know, joint operations are very important factor in modern warfare. Especially air fighter and commander are required the joint concept because their operations are very related with ground or naval forces.
So, they use JTLS because it is a unique joint theater level simulation tool.
ROK Air University is the highest level of professional military education organization for air force offices. Moreover more than 10 foreign offices study in the school, annually.
They have 3 courses of different level. Those are SOC, CSC and pre-commander course.
SOC is Squadron officer course which is the specialized military education for the rank of captain to raise performance capability. CSC is Command staff course which is the specialized military education for the rank of major. Pre-commander course is for the management education for the commander of flight wing
10~15 foreign officers join annually

4. JTLS in Korea War-gamming practice in AU Why performed?
To give a realistic experience for warfare
How to perform?
1-week war-gamming practice using JTLS
Concept(2 days) – Practice by JTLS(3~5 days) – AAR(1 day)
Why JTLS?
JTLS is a unique joint theater level simulation
How many times?
Every curriculum of AU performs war-gamming practice
7 times practices are performed annually
4 SOC, 1 CSC and 2 pre-command courses
Next, about war-gamming practice in the Air University.
The object is students can get a realistic experience for warfare.
The practice is performed using JTLS during 1-week. The period includes 2-days warfare concept lecture, 3 or 5 days practice using JTLS and 1 day AAR.
Because JTLS is the unique joint theater level simulation, they use it for the practice.
Every curriculum of the air university performs the war-gamming practice.
They have 7-times practices annually.

5. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
ROK-US Combined/Joint exercises
Exercises
Audience, Objective and Method
UFG
ROK-US combined military and ROK government
- Military: warfighting commands of corps and the higher echelon
Exercise for full spectrum of conflict in Korea
- Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense, Dominate, and Stability Operations
CPX using constructive simulation + Virtual(Specific area)
KR/FE
ROK-US combined/joint staffs including above corps equivalent
Exercise for CFC readiness
- RSOI of US wartime reinforcement
CPX using constructive simulation + FTX(Specific area)
Ulchi Focus Guardians
Next, let me introduce the plan to support CAX of ROK-JCS
To defend Korea peninsular from the north Korea, ROK-US combined force performs 2 combined joint exercises which are UFG and KR/FE.
In UFG, ROK-US combined military and ROK government. It is performed for 2-weeks. For military, warfighting commands of corps and the higher equivalent join the exercise. UFG exercises the full spectrum of conflict in Korea theater. It is performed by CPX method using constructive and virtual simulation.
KR/FE focuses on maintaining CFC readiness for US wartime reinforcement to Korea. It is performed also CPX method. However, some special area is performed by live simulation. Some deployment of US force is the example.
* Ulchi : a famous general of ancient Korea
ROK-US Combined Forces Command
Key Resolve/Foal Eagle
(Reception, Staging, Onward Movement & Integration)

6. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Environment of Korean theater
Physical Characteristics
Peninsula : water on three sides
Tides : west extreme, east moderate
Mountainous : limited mobility corridors
Weather : four seasons
Extensive urban sprawl in the south
Transportation networks : good in the south, poor in the north
Military Factors
Predominantly land theater
Air support can be decisive
Naval operations exert heavy influence
Amphibious turning movements
Extensive SOF infiltration by land, air, & sea
From Google Earth
As you know, Korea is in the north-east Asia. It is a peninsular which meet with water on three sides. It has west extreme tide and east moderate.
Korea peninsular constitutes mountain over 70%, moreover, it is very steep.
Next, I am going to introduce the military factor of Korea theater.
Korea theater has the highest military force density in the world. So, air support can be decisive. Also, because the theater is peninsular, naval operations can give heavy influence. By amphibious operations, force can move the enemy ‘s position directly.

7. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Modeling Challenges
Multiple echelons in the training audience
ROK & US warfighting commands above corps equivalent
Greatest modeling challenge:
Land forces : large number, multiple echelons
App. 55 friendly and 160 opposing div. & separate brigades
Theater counter fire operations : requires high resolution
Naval : five carrier strike groups plus numerous other air, surface, and sub-surface operations, NSW, MCM
Multi-divisions for amphibious operations
Air : 2,000 ~3,000 friendly sorties per day
Numerous opposing SOF missions and TBM launches
High resolution collateral and compartmented intelligence portrayal
Because the Korea theater is very complex, there are a lot of challenges for modeling it.
In the combined exercise, multiple echelons join. Especially, ROK and US warfighting commands higher than corps equivalents join to the exercise.
Moreover, in the land, there are large number forces. Approximately, 55 friendly and 160 opposing division and separately brigades.
Because many batteries of north Korea are forested, counter-operation is very important. And high resolution exercise is required.
Every day, 2 or 3 thousand friendly sorties performed.
North Korea has a lot of SOF forces and TBM launchers, so the exercise for those part is also important.
Mine Counter Measure
Naval Special Warfare

8. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Simulation federation to support exercises(Current)
Single Integrated Federation
ROK Models
US Models
Chang-Jo 21
Ground
CBS
Ground
Chon-Ja-Bong
Air
AWSIM
To resolve these modeling challenges, ROK-US combined forces have been being constructed a very complex simulation structure to support those combined joint exercises which are UFG and KR/FE.
As you see in the picture, those exercises use 11 US military simulations and 4 Korean. Each nation and ground, air and naval force commands use separated simulations . Moreover, for some specific warfare area, they use several US simulation. For example, TACSIM for intelligence, ACE-IOS for electronic warfare and LOGFED for logistics etc.
All of simulations are federated by a single joint training confederation.
Because of the complexity of confederation, those exercises need high cost. Actually, each exercise spend 10 million dollars to support simulations.
Chang-Gong
Air
Naval
RESA
Naval
TACSIM
Cheong-Hae
JTTI + K/JIS
BICM
Intel
JTTI : Joint Training Transformation Initiative
VSTARS
K/JIS : Korea Joint training confederation Infrastructure SW
MUSE
High Complex,
High Cost Structure
 $10 Million/each ex. CA EW
JNEM
ACE IOS
Logistics
TMO
LOGFED
MDST

9. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Additionally, ROK JCS is developing or has a plan to develop 6 specific warfare are.
These area are counter fire , intelligence, logistics, information operations, civil operations and Theater missile operations warfare.
Moreover, as you see in the picture, they are developing a confederation architecture which are separately federated by US and ROK forces simulations.
JCFS : Joint Counter Fire Simulation
JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation
JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model
JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training
JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation
ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations
KSIMS : Korea Simulation System
ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Simulation federation to support exercises(Plan)
Separated Parallel Federation
US Models
ROK Models
JTTI
Confederation Interface
KSIMS
Ground
CBS CI
Chang-Jo 21
Ground
Chon-Ja-Bong
Air
AWSIM
Counter-Fire
Chang-Gong
Air
Naval
RESA
JIS
JCFS
Cheong-Hae
Naval
Intel
TACSIM
BICM
Intel
JCSSM
Logistics
VSTARS
JIOSST
Info. warfare
MUSE
JCMOS
Civ. Op EW CA
ACE IOS
JNEM
ETSS-TMO
TMO
Logistics
TMO
LOGFED
MDST

10. ROK JCS’s Plan to support CAX
Simulation federation to support exercises(Conceptual)
Separated Parallel Federation - alternative
US Models
ROK Models
JTTI
Confederation Interface
KSIMS CI
Joint
JTLS
Taegeuk-JOS
Joint
Because the architecture is very complex and required high cost , some M&S experts give an alternative simpler structure which use joint simulation models.
In this confederation, joint simulation JTLS substitute CBS, AWSIM and RESA which are simulated ground, air and naval conflict respectively. And Taeguek-JOS can simulate ROK joint conflict. It is going to introduced in the following slide.
But, these architecture not decided plan. It’s a just conceptual stage.
Counter-Fire
JIS
JCFS
Intel
TACSIM
BICM
Intel
JCSSM
Logistics
VSTARS
JIOSST
Info. warfare
MUSE
JCMOS
Civ. Op EW CA
ACE IOS
JNEM
ETSS-TMO
TMO
Logistics
TMO
LOGFED
MDST

11. Simulation Development Plan
Developed Simulation Model
Combat Simulation Models
Resolution
Korean, means the spirits of Korean marine
Chon-Ja-Bong
Korean, means blue sea
Korean, means blue sky
Now, let me introduce development plan of ROK forces.
Firstly, already developed simulation models are showed in the picture.
These are ground, air, naval and amphibious operations simulations.
Each model is matched w.r.t US force models which are CBS, AWSIM and RESA.
Chang-Gong
RESA
Cheong-Hae
AWSIM
Chang-Jo 21
Korean, means creation
CBS
Ground
Air
Naval

12. Simulation Development Plan
Developing Simulation Model
Joint Combat Simulation Model : Taegeuk-JOS
Development period : 1st stage(2002 ~ 2004), 2nd (2010 ~ 2012)
Joint (land, air, naval etc.) constructive simulation
Similar resolution with JTLS
Support CPX for ROK-JCS staffs
Modeling feature
Modeling Unit
Ground combat : Regiment or Battalion
Air : Air mission ( 1 ~ 4 aircrafts)
Naval : Ship including submarine
Special : Mission team
Attrition : Lanchester attrition + Pk
Korean, means the Great Ultimate
Joint Operations Simulation
Secondly, developing simulation model Taeguek-JOS is introduced.
It is a joint combat simulation model which has similar resolution with JTLS. It is developing from 2002 to 2012.
It support CPX for ROK-JCS staffs which is a reduced joint exercise compare with UFG.
It models regiment or battalion for ground unit, each air mission and each ship.

13. Simulation Development Plan
Developing Simulation Model
Joint Combat Simulation Model : Taegeuk-JOS
Modeling feature
Terrain : Vector layers on Grid base
As you see at the slide, terrain is modeled by vector layers on grid base.
In the slide, left picture is the real terrain and right is modeled terrain.
Basic terrain is modeled by grids which include various terrain characters including terrain type, elevation and movement factor etc.
On the grid base, road, river and coast line are modeled by line vectors. Bridge, falling rock, mine area are modeled by point vector.

14. Simulation Development Plan
Developing Simulation Model
Joint Combat Simulation Model : Taegeuk-JOS
Modeling feature
Ground Maneuver : Open or Road
Ground maneuver is performed by open or road following movement.
The picture is replicated road following movement.

15. Simulation Development Plan
Developing Simulation Model
Joint Combat Simulation Model : Taegeuk-JOS
Modeling feature
Sea/Air Movement : Free-straight move on line segments
Naval ship and air mission move directly between designed 2 points.

16. Simulation Development Plan
Planned Simulation Models
Objective : To support Combined/Joint CPX
Subject : Important functional operations area in modern war
Required higher resolution than combat area
Lastly, let me introduce plan of development which are replicate specific areas.
They are constituted 6 area.
As you see in the slide, they are
JCFS for Joint Counter Fire Simulation
JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation
JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model
JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training
JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation
ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations
KSIMS : Korea Simulation System.
Because they replicate specific functional area, after developing, they are going to be operated under confederation with combat models.
Developed
Joint Counter Fire Simulation
Joint Intelligence Simulation
Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model
Planned
Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training
Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation
Exercise & Training Supporting System for TMO

17. Simulation Development Plan
Other Developing or Planned
Objective : To support Combined/Joint CPX
Subject : Important functional operations area in modern war
LVC integrated simulation required for specific area
Functional area models have higher resolution than combat model.
Moreover, exercises of some function area may be performed LVC or VC integrated environment.
We are researching about those LVC or VC integrated environment.
LVC integrated
VC integrated
Constructive
Planned
Constructive
Constructive
LVC integrated

18. Thank You! Sang-Yun Jeong Ph.D Chief of KIDA DM&S Research Division
Thank you for listening.
Do you have any question?
Sang-Yun Jeong Ph.D
Chief of KIDA DM&S Research Division