1. 1 Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27 Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine Religious Crisis Reformation and Renaissance

2. 2 Economic, Social and Health Crisis A- Famine- partly bad weather B- Plagues caused havoc (see map p 273) –types Bubonic (Black Death) Pneumonic –blamed sin, flagellation C- Peasant revolts- reduction in pop- –lords still wanted work- not enough serfs –Jaquire in France 1358, English peasants revolt in 1381 AND then

3. 3 Political Crisis Hundred Years War 1337-1453 Begin- fight over Gascony (last English province in France) Edward III claimed French throne- English win stunning victory at Crecy soldiers paid with strong long bow France too big too unify under Eng.- Henry V at Agincourt Joan of Arc- French loose battles but win the war

4. 4 Other Changes 1. Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax 2. England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses) 3. Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors 4. Russia forces out the Mongols 5. Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453

5. 5 Holy Roman Empire Revisited still disunity but in 15th century Charles V rules Spain, Germany, Italy never able to control Italian city states has to deal with reformation in Germany Charles breaks up Empire and retires

6. 6 Religious Crisis Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054 Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others Vote for another pope- est Two popes - called another Great Schism Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to--------------->

7. 7 Intellectual Reawakening Ch 25 The Renaissance Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism 1. rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity 2. Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope

8. 8 Philosophy of Renaissance (cont) 3. to make people virtuous, see the possibility in improving 4. looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior 5. basis for scientific thought And even your gen Ed classes- try to make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”

9. 9 The Reformation ch 27 Many movement to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen popes themselves not the models of virtue- supported arts and relatives

10. 10 The Reformers Martin Luther- deeply religious priest- never intended break, but would not back down at Worms “Here I stand” –escaped, translated Bible to German-began a political and religious struggle in Germany- Most of North became Lutheran Erasamus 1536t popularized Christian Humanism and inner piety

11. 11 More Reformers John Calvin 1564t systematic reformer –from France to Geneva- set up theocracy –inspired John Knox- carried reform to Scotland Zwingli 1531t priest in Zurich got rid of relics and images, replaced liturgy with Scripture reading, prayer and sermon, died in battle