1. U.S. Expansion The Mexican-American War and Manifest Destiny

2. Starter – November 13th  List the negative and positive impacts of industrialization.

3. Starter – November 13th  Do we have expectations of modern day immigrants?  What are those expectations?

4. The Journey West  President Polk (1845-1849)  Manifest Destiny: belief that it was our God-given right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.  U.S. settlers moved to Texas while it was still a province of Mexico.  Refusing to abide by Mexican law, the new settlers started a rebellion.

5. Spanish Texas  The Spanish had been in the Americas since Columbus in 1492.  Spain owned a large part of North America, including Texas.

6. Tejanos  In 1821, only about 4,000 Tejanos lived in Texas.  Tejanos are people of Spanish heritage who consider Texas their home.  The Spanish government tried to attract Spanish setters to Texas, but very few came.

7. Moses Austin  An American, Moses Austin was given permission by the Spanish government to start a colony in Texas.  All the Americans had to do was follow Spanish laws.  Moses died in 1821, so his son Stephen tried to start the colony.

8. In 1821, Mexico won independence from Spain

9. Texas Grows  The success of Austin’s colony attracted more land speculators and settlers to Texas from the United States.  Some were looking for a new life, some were escaping from the law, and others were looking for a chance to grow rich.  By 1830, the population had swelled to about 30,000,with Americans outnumbering the Tejanos six to one.

10. Rising Tensions in Texas  In 1829, the Mexican government outlawed slavery.  The settlers wanted to keep their slaves so they could grow cotton.  The Americans also didn’t want to learn Spanish or follow Mexican laws.  Very few settlers had converted to Catholicism.

11. Rising Tensions In Texas  In 1829, the Mexican government closed the state to further American immigration.  Texans had to start paying taxes for the first time.  Mexican president, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna sent more Mexican troops to Texas.  Texans began talk of breaking away from Mexico.  When Stephen Austin was jailed, the Texans did revolt.  Santa Anna led 6,000 troops to Texas to put down the revolt.

12. The Alamo  The first battle between the Texans and Mexicans took place at on old mission that was used as a fort.  It was called the Alamo.

13. The Fight for the Alamo  There were only 183 Texans guarding the Alamo.  The Mexican army had 1,800 men.  The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.  On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men to storm the fortress.  When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.  Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom.

14. Lone Star Republic  In 1836, Texas declared itself The Lone Star Republic.  Sam Houston was elected president.  Some Americans wanted Texas to be part of the U.S.  Some people were afraid of Texas becoming a slave state, others of war with Mexico.  Both would eventually happen.

15. Alamo Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6n2C UCDATi8

16. Republic of Texas  The Lone Star Republic was born and Sam Houston became the first President  Texans wanted the US to annex (incorporate) Texas as the 28 th State, but slavery issues clouded the debate until President James K. Polk was elected in 1844  Mexico was furious and this action lead to the Mexican American War of 1845

17. Major Battles Begin  Mexico and the US disagreed on the southern border of Texas:  US recognized the Rio Grand River  Mexico recognized the Nueces River (farther north than the Rio Grand)  President Polk sent John Slidell to negotiate terms with Mexico

18. The Lone Star Republic

19. Major Battles Begin  John Slidell wanted to:  Purchase the territories of California and New Mexico  Agree upon which river would be the border of Texas  He was not seen by the Mexican Government

20. Major Battles Begin  President Polk wanted Texas either way, so he ordered Zachary Taylor to occupy the Rio Grand area of the border  Mexico saw this as a violation of their treaty they signed and opened fire  A small fight broke out near Matamoros

21. Major Battles Begin  9 Soldiers were killed and Polk called for the American people to rise up because American blood had been spilled on American soil  Public opinion was in favor of war.  Congress was unsure because of slavery and the way this incident started  But the Mexican American War begins…

22. Mexican-American War  Texas existed as the Lone Star Republic for 10 years until annexation by the U.S.  Further territorial disputes would lead to Mexican-American War.  The U.S. would be victorious and effectively triple the size of the original United States with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase.

23. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada gained by the US.  Mexico lost ½ of its land.  $15 million paid to Mexico.  INCREASES SECTIONALISM  Large tracts would be open to slavery.  Debate over slavery increases.  Gadsden Purchase: $10 million purchase of land that set the current border of Mexico and US.

24. Significance of Mexican- American War

25. Review Video  http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses /AP%20US%20History%20I/course%20files/ multimedia/lesson32/lessonp.html?showTo pic=3