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Published byTeresa Shepherd Modified over 10 years ago
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Economic Renewal and Religious Wars
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Rise of Exploration
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Why? Mercantilism Renaissance Crusades Reformation
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Navigation Compass Improved maps Astronomical charts Better ships
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Results New World Columbian Exchange Triangle Trade
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Economics Commercial Revolution Coins with fixed values Standards of weight and measurement Central banking Join-stock companies Colonies Mercantilism- government needs to increase a country’s wealth (gold and silver)
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Social Structures Middle Ages Feudal lords No middle class Serfs 17 th Century Aristocracy Bourgeoisie Peasants (might own or rent land)
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Eastern vs. Western Europe Eastern Europe Peasants sank into serfdom or “hereditary subjection” Owed 3-4 days a week to the lord Western Europe Peasants were able to sell what they produced and buy land Owed lord 10 days a year of labor
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Catholic Cause seems to be prevailing Phillip II: Leader of the Counter Reformation The Escorial Spain’s Golden Age Netherlands revolt and the Spanish Armada
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Duke of Alva Council of “Blood” Catherine de Medici St. Bartholomews Day Turks defeated at Lapanto Moriscoe revolt put down Excommunication of Elizabeth
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Inheritance Escorial Golden Age Netherlands Revolt Spanish Armada Portrait by Titian
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Keeping his promise
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Spain’s Golden Age Cervantes Lope de Vega Murillo Velazquez
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Political: Religious: Economic al: Surrender at Breda by Velasquez
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Disintegration and Reconstruction of France
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Conflicts in France Huguenots 1534- Affair of Placards 1559- Mary Queen of Scots persecuted reformers 1562-1598- Religious Wars in France 1572- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Politiques or “politicals” 1598- Edict of Nantes
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Louis XIII Son of Henry IV Became king at age 8 Sick and weak, but appointed wise advisors
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Cardinal Richelieu Took power away from nobles Threats: Huguenots Habsburgs Strengthened trade and industry
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Thirty Years’ War
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Why was it fought? Germany: Civil war over religion Civil war over states’ rights Spain vs. France Spain vs. Netherlands Denmark, Sweden, and Transylvania involved
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Phases of the War Bohemian Protestants lost to Catholics Danish Albert of Wallenstein Denmark lost Swedish Some victories, but weakened by internal fighting Swedish-French France openly supported the Protestants
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Thirty Years War 1618- France encouraged the war while avoiding the fight Started as a Protestant Revolt in Prague against HRE Changed from religious to political war 1648- France entered war
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Peace of Westphalia 1648- ended Thirty Years’ War Ended religious wars in Europe New methods for peace negotiations Balance of Power Beginning of modern state system
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Peace of Westphalia- Territory shift
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