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Nationalism 1815-1848 HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8.1-8.2
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Conservative vs. Liberal Conservative Monarchy Congress of Vienna Anti-Nationalism Pro-Church Aristocracy Old Regime Liberal Bourgeoisie Rights for the people Constitutional government National Unity Laissez-faire economics
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The Conservative Order, 1815
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Example 1: Serbia Revolted from Ottomans starting in 1804 Aid from Mother Russia Slavic Language Eastern Orthodox Christianity THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT FOR WORLD WAR I
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Example 2: Greece Ruled by the Ottoman Empire since 15 th Century The “ Eastern Question ” 1821 Revolt Alexander Ypsilanti Supported by Britain, France, and Russia King Otto I (a German)
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Example 3: Spain and Italy Both had liberal uprisings in 1820; both crushed by the Concert of Europe France intervenes in Spain Austria intervenes in Italy NATIONALISM IS SUPRESSED (for now)
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Example 4: France After Napoleon Bourbon Restoration Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) The Charter of 1814 Constitutional Monarchy Kept many reforms of Napoleon Did not change land rights
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Trouble in France…again. 1824: Louis XVIII dies and is replaced by his conservative brother Charles X (r. 1824-30)
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Charles X Leaned toward the old regime Vehemently opposed the Revolution Compensated émigrés Gave clergy control of schools Took away voting rights and free speech
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The July Revolution (July 27-29, 1830) “Les Trois Glorieuses” Paris rises up 1800 killed Charles abdicates Louis-Philippe takes over
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Louis Philippe The July Monarchy, 1830-1848 The “ Citizen King ”
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Example 5: Belgium Declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830 Was part of France; Congress of Vienna merged it with the Netherlands 1839: the major European powers recognize Belgium All promise to guarantee its neutrality THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT IN 1914
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Example 6: Poland Tries to revolt in 1830 Crushed by Nicholas I of Russia No other nations would help Poland
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1848: THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION
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Example 7: France (again..) “When France sneezes, Europe gets a cold.” The “February Days” 1848 Louis-Philippe overthrown
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Conflict among the Revolutionaries Radical Socialists Lower class Louis Blanc Social reform National Workshops Liberal Republicans Middle class Alphonse de Lamartine Political reform NO national workshops
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The “ June Days ” Class warfare in Paris (June 24-26) Working class vs. Bourgeoisie
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Impact of the June Days 1. Nearly 10,000 dead 2. New Constitution The Second Republic Universal male suffrage 3. Election of 1848 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Nephew of Napoleon
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President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1852) 1851: Louis-Napoleon seizes power for himself Approved by plebiscite 1852: Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III (r. 1852-1870)
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Revolts in Austria and Italy, 1848 Students riot in Vienna Metternich flees Louis Kossuth leads a Hungarian revolt Italians set up independent republics ALL CRUSHED
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Germany, 1848 German Confederation Austria vs. Prussia More than 30 states Frederick William IV King of unified Germany? Nein!
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