1. An Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800
Chapter 19

3. Vocabulary
Bartolommeo Dias: Portuguese explorer. 1st to sail around Africa.
Prince Henry: “Henry the Navigator” Set up navigation school. Opened exploration for everyone
Vasco da Gama: 1st to sail from Europe to India (directly)
Treaty of Tordesillas: Pope Alexander IV peace between Spanish/Portuguese. Line of Demarcation split the Americas up for S/P.
Dutch East India Company: Dutch trading company that controlled trade in Asia ($$RICH$$)

4. Vocabulary II
Zheng He: Famous Chinese explorer
Daimyo: Japanese feudal lord/noble
Tokugawa Shogunate: A dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from (Isolation)
Haiku: Japanese poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables

5. An Age of Exploration and Isolation
GLORY
GOD
GOLD
Chapter 19:

6. Main Idea Questions
What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?
What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it?
What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

7. Europeans Explore the East “God, Glory, and Gold”
Many Factors Encourage Exploration (3 G’s)
Europeans Seek Greater Wealth
Demand for spices and other Eastern goods increased after Crusades
(nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper)
Trade routes controlled by Muslim and Italian Merchants
Wanted to find different way East
The Spread of Christianity
Europeans wanted to spread Christian ideas and convert non-Christians

8. For “God, Glory and Gold”
Technological Advances
Invention of triangular sails allowed ships to sail against the wind
Invention of astrolabe, sextant, and compass allowed sailors to accurately navigate
Caravel: Sturdy Hull, triangular sails (against the wind) astrolabe and the magnetic compass
65 Feet Long (average)
Large cargo area
Shallow depth

9. Portugal Leads the Way The Portuguese Explore Africa
Prince Henry the Navigator founded a school to promote exploration (1419)
Wanted to find a sea route to Asia
Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
In 1487, Bartholomew Dias becomes the 1st European to round S. Africa
In 1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea, trade route opened from India to Portugal

10. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire
During the early 1500’s, Portugal captures ports in India, the East Indies, and the Philippines
Portugal had trade monopoly in Asia, allowing it to become the richest European Country
Vasco da Gama

11. Trading in the Indian Ocean
Other Nations Drive out the Portuguese
In 1521, Spanish explorer Magellan becomes the first to round the world
The Dutch captured the East Indies in 1581, formed the Dutch East India Company
European Trading Outposts
While Europeans controlled coastal ports, majority of inland native peoples remained unaffected

12. Spain Also Makes Claims
Spanish attempted a direct route to Asia
1492
The Portuguese believed that Columbus reached Asia
Spain vs. Portugal over newly “claimed” lands
Spain and Portugal are both Extremely Catholic!!!
Pope Alexander VI stopped a potential war
Treaty of Tordesillas
Line of Demarcation Zone

15. Other Nations Challenging The Portuguese
The Dutch Republic (The Netherlands)
1600: 20,000 ships
Dutch East India Company
Private Company to lead colonization
Exploration of the East Indies (Batavia, Java)
France and England develop their own East India Companies
Only gained access to port cities

16. Main Idea Questions: PG 535
What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?
What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it?
What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

17. China Limits European Contacts
Chapter 19:2

18. The Rise of the Ming Hongwu drives out the Mongols in 1368
Helped restore farms, removed Mongol traces and promoted China’s historical past!!
Returned to Confucian ideals
Tyrant who feared being revolts
Son Yonglo moved capital to Beijing and constructed the Forbidden City

19. The Forbidden City Beijing Started in 1406 14 years to construct
800 buildings with 9,000 rooms
Largest palace complex in the world
Hidden from public view
No foreigners were allowed
Home of the Royal Family

21. China Under the Ming Dynasty
The Voyages of Zheng He
Columbus vs. Zheng He
Chinese Marco Polo
ship voyages
“Treasure Ship” 500ft
1.5 Football Fields
27,000 crew members in the fleet (City of Jamestown)
Distributed gives of silver and silk
16 countries wanted to trade with Ming Dynasty
7th voyage was the last (1433)

23. Ming Foreign Relations
1500s Ming Isolationism
3 International Port Cities
Canton, Macao, Ningbo
Smugglers Industry (European and Chinese)
Used Silver from South American Mines
China did not Industrialized because….
Confucian Ideas (farm life)
Chinese Economy favored farms (high taxes on merchants)
Christian Missionaries
Brought Christianity, science/technology ie “Clock”
Matteo Ricci

24. Manchus Found the Qing Dynasty
Manchus (From Manchuria) establishes the Ming Dynasty
Ruled for 260 years
Expanded to Taiwan, Central Asia, Mongolia and Tibet
Kangxi ruled 60 years
Peace and prosperity
Thirst for knowledge

25. Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group
Chinese Exclusion
Chinese “Middle Kingdom” (Center of the Universe)
Foreigners must follow Chinese customs to trade (Dutch)
Kowtow: Kneeling-head to ground 9 times (respect)
Dutch became exclusive trading partner
Tea

26. Dutch vs. English Dutch Respected Chinese customs
English did not respect (NO KOWTOW)
Dutch gained access/British did not!!
“…nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.” Qian-Long

27. Life In Ming and Qing China
Families and the Role of Women
No Retirement Homes In China
New increases in fertilizer allowed for more population
Chinese favored sons over daughters
Elderly parents would live with Sons
Women raised the children and tended he home

28. Japan Returns to Isolation
Chapter 19:3

29. `

30. Japan Limits Western Contacts
period of “Warring States”
Daimyos Take Control
Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan
Brought all of Japan under control in
Continued feudalism in Japan
Emperor and Shogun
Shogun has all the Power!!

32. Three words…..Stability, Prosperity and Isolation
Life In Tokugawa Japan
Three words…..Stability, Prosperity and Isolation
Farmers produced more food=more population
Structured society (Feudalism)
Confucian ideals influenced society (Farmers!!)
Mid 1700s shifted to urban society
Edo (old fishing village) changes to Tokyo (Million)

33. Culture Under The Tokugawa Shogunate
Samurai attended dramas called Noh Dramas
Glorified Samurai life
Tragic themes, battles, courage
Haiku: Short poetry expressing images
Kabuki: Plays where actors mime in elaborate costumes

34. Kabuki Theater

35. Contract Between Europe and Japan
Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants and Tech.
Christian Missionaries in Japan
1543 first European contact
(shipwrecked Portuguese)
Cultural Diffusion
Brought Clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms
Daimyo welcomed strangers
Bought weapons
Sword vs. Gun
Accepted missionaries b.c. they wanted guns
Tokugawa Ieyasu did not like Christians
1612 Banned Christianity
Revolt in Southern Japan was blamed on Christians
Forcible kick/killed Christians

36. Christian Missionaries In Japan
1549 Christian Missionaries arrive
By 1600, 300,000 Japanese converts
Tokugawa Ieyasu disliked/distrusted Christians
1612 Christianity is banned
1637 Christianity is banned after a revolt

37. The Closed Country Policy
Loved European Trade…..Hated European ideas/ways
Feared revolt
1639 “Closed Door Policy”
One Port: Nagasaki
Only Dutch and Chinese allowed
Spanish/Portuguese banned
Shoguns controlled Nagasaki
200 years of European Isolation
Japanese forbidden to leave
Self sufficient country

38. The Closed Country Policy
Shoguns and Samurai feared “outsider” ideas/ideals
“Closed Door Policy”
One open port: Nagasaki
Only Dutch and Chinese Merchants
Shoguns could control the single port
200 years of isolation
Forbidden to leave
No new ideas from abroad
NO CULTURAL DIFFUSION

39. Main Ideas What happened during the period of “Warring States”?
What was the structure of society in Tokugawa Japan?
What were the new styles of drama, art and literature in Tokugawa Japan?

40. Chapter Quiz
What were the three main reasons for the European Exploration?
Name the famous Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty?
What type of foreign policy did Japan use under the Tokugawa Shogunate?