1. Chapter 14 Review

2. A term used to describe the refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions

3. Strike

4. A term that describes an organization of workers

5. Trade union

6. A term used to describe a severe shortage of food

7. Famine

8. A term used in the 1800s to describe someone who wanted to limit immigration

9. Nativist

10. A policy or attitude that denies rights to a group of people

11. Discrimination

12. A skilled worker is described as an _________.

13. artisan

14. After 1793 southern planters were able to greatly increase their profits because of the invention of the a. mechanical reaper b. steel plow c. cotton gin

16. By the 1850s the ____________ was primarily responsible for opening many new markets for the northern economy. a. National Road b. Erie Canal c. growth of new railroads

18. By 1860, free African Americans in the South a. gained voting rights. b. suffered discrimination. c. made up one-fourth of the population of Southern states.

19. b. suffered discrimination.

20. The innovation of steam-powered machinery helped factory owners to a. build factories less expensively. b. hire more workers. c. be able to locate their factories anywhere.

22. True or False? By the 1840s factory workers were enjoying a better standard of living and improved working conditions.

23. False

24. Trade unions were formed so that factory workers could a. better cooperate with management. b. bring an end to child labor. c. demand better working conditions.

26. The South had an economy that was based upon agriculture primarily because a. Southerners did not wish to pollute their land with factory waste by building factories. b. there were few factory workers in the South. c. the land and climate were ideal for the growing of crops.

28. Slave codes existed in the South because a. they provided legal rights for slaves. b. they encouraged slave owners to provide better housing for their slaves. c. they were designed to discourage slaves from running away.

30. True or False? Small farmers in the South generally rented the land which they farmed.

31. False

32. In the 1800s railroads in America a. transported goods much slower than did canals. b. often were responsible for fires. c. were a safe and reliable form of transportation.

33. b. often were responsible for fires.

34. Slaves often attempted to sabotage the slavery system by a. breaking tools and destroying crops. b. bringing lawsuits against their owners. c. by forming slave unions to demand better working conditions.

35. a. breaking tools and destroying crops.

36. Arrange the following groups from the least wealthy to the most wealthy. Cottonocracy slaves small farmers poor whites

37. slaves poor whites small farmers Cottonocracy

38. Southern planters were dependent on the North because a. Southerners relied upon the factories in the North. b. most of their slaves were purchased from Northern brokers. c. they borrowed money from northern banks.

40. Clipper ships a. successfully competed with iron steamships. b. gained a large share of the world’s sea trade. c. were manufactured primarily in the South.

41. b. gained a large share of the world’s sea trade.

42. What did factory workers gain in 1842? a. the right to strike b. an increase in the minimum wage c. an 8-hour workday

43. a. the right to strike

44. The existence of slavery in the South actually hurt the development of southern industry. How? a. Southern planters were afraid slaves would run away to take jobs in factories. b. Investors were afraid the existence of factories would encourage slave revolts. c. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured products.

46. The railroads were the largest competitors of a. the western farmers. b. canal investors. c. the steamship companies.

47. b. canal investors.

48. Which of the following did southerners purchase primarily from the North? a. lumber b. manufactured goods c. grain

49. b. manufactured goods

50. Free African Americans living in the South a. enjoyed the same privileges of free whites. b. had their rights limited by state law. c. had to pay a tax that whites were not required to pay.

51. b. had their rights limited by state law.

52. True or False? Cotton producers used the extra profits they made because of the invention of the cotton gin to invest in additional textile mills.

53. False

54. Nat Turner a. was a famous writer who wrote about the evils of slavery. b. was a famous free black who was active in the abolition movement. c. led a failed slave revolt in the South.

56. Which of the following workers would have been most opposed to the railroads? a. farm workers b. factory workers c. wagon drivers

58. True or False? McCormick’s reaper did the work of 5 people using hand tools.

59. True

60. Small farmers made up what percentage of the white population in the South? a. 25 percent b. 50 percent c. 75 percent

62. True or False? There was a shortage of workers in the factories of the North in the 1840s?

63. False

64. True or False? In the 1840s mass production resulted in workers taking great pride in the products they manufactured.

65. False

66. Workers gained shorter working hours, better working conditions, higher pay in the factories in the 1840s. True or False?

67. False

68. In the 1840 factories workers suffered from unsafe working conditions and a poor working environment. True or False?

69. True

70. The greatest protection slaves had was a. their owners’ needs to keep them productive and healthy and able to work. b. slave codes. c. state laws.

71. a. their owners’ needs to keep them productive and healthy and able to work.

72. A large number of Irish and German immigrants came to the U. S. during the mid-1800s. True or False?

73. True

74. The End Good luck on the test!