1. Exploration and Expansion 1400 – 1700 1. Voyages of Discovery 2. Conquest and Colonies 3. New Patterns of Trade 4. The Atlantic Slave Trade What drove explorers from the rest of Europe?

2. 1. Voyages of Discovery Briefly describe the distortions of the map. Pre Columbian Map of the Known world 1200 - 1800

3. Drive for European Exploration How did these factors contribute towards exploration? Drive for European Exploration How did these factors contribute towards exploration? 1.Crusades  2.Renaissance  3.Reformation  4.Nation –States  5.Technological Advances  6.Fame and Fortune  1200 - 1800

4. New Maritime Technologies ► Hartman Astrolabe (1532) – ► Better Maps [Portulan] – ► Sextant – ► Mariner’s Compass – The Rediscovery of the New World (Vikings in AD 1000) in the 15 th century would not have happened without key advancements in technology. Match the term with the picture! Please provide a description of each one. 1200 - 1800

5. New Weapons Technology ► Caravel – ► How did the caravel lead to advancements in exploration? 1200 - 1800 ► Invention of gun powder

6. 2. Conquest and Colonies What two countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula? Two countries that kicked off the age of exploration 1200 - 1800

7. Portugal was the first country to launch large- scale voyages of exploration Who is this and what did he do? The Portuguese 1200 - 1800

8. Discoveries of Islands in the Atlantic The Canary Islands –These islands are located immediately off the coast of Africa. –Portugal signed an agreement with Spain, known as the Treaty of Alcacovas, in 1479. The Azores Islands –These islands are located approximately 1200 miles from the Iberian Peninsula. –These nation-states are one-third of the way to the New World. –What was the significance of the Treaty of Alcacovas? –Why were the islands called the Canary Islands? 1200 - 1800

11. Portuguese Maritime Empire in Africa 1200 - 1800 Bartholomew Diaz Vasco da Gama Pedro Cabral Place the correct person next to the picture and identify their explorations

12. 1. Vasco da Gama 1. Bartholomew Diaz Place the picture and the person where they explored.

13. The Spanish Briefly describe the characters in the picture. Who are they? What is going on? 1200 - 1800

14. Christofo Colon [1451-1506] 1200 - 1800

15. The Admiral of The Atlantic For each journey, identify where Columbus explored (use the map and text on the next page to help) First Voyage – Second Voyage Third Voyage Fourth Voyage 1200 - 1800

16. ’Four Voyages on Map 1200 - 1800

17. Americus Vespucci Why is America named in this man’s honor? 1200 - 1800

19. Vasco Nunez de Balboa What did Balboa discover? 1200 - 1800

21. Ferdinand Magellan For what was Ferdinand Magellan famous? 1200 - 1800

23. Other Voyages of Exploration 1200 - 1800

25. The English John and Sebastian Cabot (1497-1501) Sir Francis Drake – 1200 - 1800

27. The Dutch By the early years of the 1600’s, the Netherlands, once a Spanish possession, had become a powerful trading nation Henry Hudson – 1200 - 1800

28. Atlantic Explorations 1200 - 1800

29. Conquest and Colonies What two European countries dominated South America? What two or three European countries dominated North America? Thus began the first wave of immigration to America What is the second? The third?? The fourth??? When? Official European Colony! Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Place the information in the correct order!

30. Spain Builds an Empire What was the Encomienda system – How did it affect the Natives? 1200 - 1800

31. Fernando Cortez – Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs - Mexico – Montezuma II – vs.vs. 1200 - 1800

32. The Death of Montezuma II Cortez advantages – On November 8, 1519, battle erupted and Montezuma was killed; 1200 - 1800

34. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez 1200 - 1800

35. Francisco Pizarro Spanish Conquest: The Incas - Peru Atahualpa vs. 1200 - 1800

36. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World ► Result – disease and mistreatment led to 90% fatality rate – 50 million to 4 million 1200 - 1800

37. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws  1542 Who was he and what did he want to do? 1200 - 1800

38. The Pope’s Line of Demarcation What was the line of demarcation? 1200 - 1800

39. Treaty of Tordesillas, What were the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas? 1200 - 1800

40. French Colonization Where some areas that the French explored? 1200 - 1800

42. Dutch Exploration Where did the Dutch explore? 1200 - 1800

43. English Colonization How did the Elizabethan Seas Dogs help establish Great Britain as the dominant power in the world? 1200 - 1800

44. The Founding of Virginia Jamestown-1607 1200 - 1800

47. Captain John Smith Who is he? 1200 - 1800

48. The Virginia Colony What was the chief crop of the Virginia colony? Who are the two in the image?

49. The Failure of Jamestown The settlement was doomed to fail from the beginning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

50. The French and Indian War in North America Who won the French and Indian War? Why was it significant? 1200 - 1800 George Washington

53. European Empires in the Americas 1200 - 1800

54. 3. New Patterns of Trade What were some of the major crops that the United States traded with the rest of the world? 1200 - 1800

55. New Colonial Rivals Briefly explain the Triangular Trade? 1200 - 1800

56. The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine Keanwa!  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS 1200 - 1800

57. The Introduction to New Diseases European diseases spread to the Americas – small pox, measles, influenza, and malaria Mexico – decreased by 30% in the first ten years of contact with Europeans Inca empire decreased from about 13 million to 2 million people from 1492 to 1600 North America – 2 million to 500,000 from 1492 to 1600 1200 - 1800

58. Mercantilism What was Mercantilism? 1200 - 1800

59. Balance of Trade What is a tariff? 1200 - 1800

60. The Rise of Capitalism What is capitalism? 1200 - 1800

61. 4. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Where did most slaves go to? 1200 - 1800

62. Origins of the Slave Trade 1.Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. 2.Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans slaves. Sugar cane & sugar plantations in the Americas were in need of labor First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. 3.Between 16 c & 19 c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas. 1200 - 1800

63. The Middle Passage 1200 - 1800

64. “Coffin” Position Below Deck 1200 - 1800

65. African Captives Thrown Overboard 1200 - 1800

66. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill 1200 - 1800

67. Effects of the Slave Trade African Diaspora – 1200 - 1800