1. CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses

2. Identify the DNA parts: A B C D

3. A PHOSPHATE B Deoxyribose Sugar C Nitrogenous Base D Hydrogen Bond

4. What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide? ANSWER: –sugar –Phosphate –Nitrogenous base (remember the song)

5. Name 3 ways RNA is different from DNA: 1. Uracil instead of Thymine. 2. Single stranded instead of Double. 3. Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose.

6. What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA) G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G ANSWER: C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

7. What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA) G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G ANSWER: C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

8. What are the 3 types of RNA? a) t-RNA (transfer RNA) b) m-RNA (messenger RNA), and c) r-RNA (ribosomal RNA)

9. Which bases are pyrimidines? HINT: cut the pie C – U - T

10. Which bases are purines? HINT: not cut G and A

11. Which bases are 2-rings? HINT: be pure for marriage and get 2 rings ANSWER: purines A and G

12. Which bases are one ring? HINT: pie is one circle C – U - T

13. Which scientist(s)? HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge HINT 3: bald ANSWER: Avery

14. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material HINT 2: used bacteriophages HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus ANSWER: Hershey and Chase

15. Which Scientist(s) HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa HINT 2: worked as a team HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum

16. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51 HINT 3: a woman ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin

17. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure ANSWER: Watson and Crick

18. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins

19. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: 1920’s HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation ANSWER: Frederick Griffith

20. Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: worked with animal sperm HINT 2: a hottie HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even ANSWER: Chargaff

21. What if a DNA sample had 20% adenine, how much guanine should there be? ANSWER: if 20% A and 20% T then 30% C and 30% G

22. Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:

23. 1 = DNA 2 = protein coat 3 = tail fiber 4 = tail 4

24. Which enzyme? Unwinds DNA ANSWER: Topoisomerase

25. Which enzyme? Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication) ANSWER: Helicase

26. Which enzyme? Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading ANSWER: DNA polymerase

27. Which enzyme? Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand ANSWER: Ligase

28. Which enzyme? Adds RNA nucleotide primers ANSWER: Primase

29. Which enzyme? Makes RNA’s ANSWER: RNA polymerase

30. What are the parts of the DNA replication fork? Leading strand, lagging strand, and DNA polymerase

31. What are the parts of the DNA replication fork? Leading strand DNA polymerase Okazaki fragments on lagging strand

32. What will the mRNA look like?

33. 123 HINT: exons discarded Introns kept and coded

34. What amino acid is mRNA codon: AAA

35. lysine

36. What amino acid is mRNA codon: UGG

37. tryptophan

38. What codon is the START CODON?

39. AUG

40. What are the three STOP CODONS? ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

42. AUGAGGCUAUAG UACUCCGAUAUC Met Arg Leu STOP

43. What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?

44. AUG

45. What does a tRNA carry? A. codon B. triplet C. amino acid D. ribosome

47. COOL!

48. How many? Nucleotides in a typical gene? ANSWER: hundreds or thousands

49. How Fast? Does DNA replication usually take? ANSWER: About 50 nucleotides added per second

50. Which process? Codes DNA to mRNA? ANSWER? Transcription Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein? ANSWER: Translation

51. How many subunits make up a ribosome? A. one B. two C. Three D. Four

53. What process? Transfers the tRNA from the A to the P location on the ribosome? ANSWER: Translocation

54. What process? Is DNA making a copy of itself? ANSWER: Replication

61. What kind of things… Are mutagens? ANSWER: high-energy radiation, X- rays, cigarette smoke, UV light, asbestos

62. Define: Mutation: ANSWER: Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

63. What type of mutation is this? ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG MUTATION: AAACGTAGG ANSWER: insertion (A)

64. What type of mutation is this? ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG MUTATION: AACGAGG ANSWER: Deletion (T)

65. What type of mutation is this? ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG MUTATION: AACGGGAT ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped))

66. Matching Viruses: 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus 3. In Malaysia 4. Causes AIDS A. HIV B. Hanta virus C. Nipah D. Ebola

67. Matching Viruses: 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus 3. In Malaysia (encephalitis) 4. Causes AIDS (4) A. HIV (2) B. Hanta virus (3) C. Nipah (1) D. Ebola

68. WHAT IS A RETROVIRUS? A. goes backwards B. codes DNA to DNA C. codes RNA to DNA ANSWER: C codes RNA to DNA

69. WHAT IS the enzymes that codes retroviruses? A. reversase B. RNAase C. reverse transcriptase ANSWER: C reverse transcriptase