1. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Sungwoo Lim Strathclyde University, UK Miquel Prats The Open University, UK Scott Chase Strathclyde University, UK Steve Garner The Open University, UK

2. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Outline 1.DSSG project (Design Synthesis and Shape Generation) 2.Formal shape generation: Shape rules 3.Experimental investigation: Sketch observation 4.Classification of shape transformations 5.Future research

3. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 1. DSSG project School of Mechanical Engineering Department of Design and Innovation Department of Architecture http://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/dssg/

4. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process … we anticipate three intertwined cycles 1. DSSG project The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes Communication between the two

5. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process  How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes?  What similarities and differences in approach can be observed?  In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub- shape detection problem?  How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Aims and objectives of the DSSG project 1. DSSG project

6. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process  How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes?  What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? Aims and objectives of the DSSG project 1. DSSG project

7. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process … we anticipate three intertwined cycles 2. Formal shape generation The designer designing shapes Communication between the two The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes

8. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Different interpretations of a shape: Shape rule example and its application: 2. Formal shape generation

9. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Shape rules: Generate shapes within design networks: 2. Formal shape generation

10. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Example of application of shape rules: The Villas of Andrea Palladio 2. Formal shape generation Examples of shape rulesExamples of designs generated by the shape rules

11. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process … we anticipate three intertwined cycles 3. Experimental investigation Communication between the two The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes

12. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process  8 industrial designers and 6 architects took part in this study  Participants undertook three tasks Learn about segmentation Task 1 3 minutes each Task 2 Learn about (re)interpretation Industrial designers: Lemon squeezer Architects: Building 10 minutes Task 3 Industrial designers: Kettle Architects: Building Learn about design networks 14 minutes 3. Experimental investigation

13. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process The actions of the participants were video recorded and their pen strokes were captured using a tablet input device At the end of the tasks participants were asked to elaborate on the interpretations and manipulations of their sketches 3. Experimental investigation

14. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Interpreted as a component of the lemon squeezer 4 participants Interpreted as side view 5 participants Interpreted as top view 5 participants 5 out of 8 participants had more than one interpretation of the initial design during the design process Initial design 3. Experimental investigation

15. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 4. Classification of shape rules participant 1 participant 2 participant 3 participant 4 participant 5 Capture shape transformations via shape rules …

16. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 4. Classification of shape rules participant 1

17. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 4. Classification of shape rules Classification of general shape rules

18. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 4. Classification of shape rules Frequency of use of general shape rules Capture shape transform- ations in sketches via general shape rules

19. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 5. Future research

20. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process 5. Future research Examples of designs generated via application of three shape rules