1. Chapter 8
A New Nation

2. George Washington in New York A depiction of George Washington riding into New York on November 25, 1783 to the cheers of a large crowd.

3. George and Martha Washington at Presidential Reception Guests bow to President Washington and the First Lady during a reception in 1798.

4. Established a federal court system 13 district courts
Judiciary Act of 1789
Established a federal court system
13 district courts
3 circuit or appeals courts
Had power to
reverse any state law that was considered unconstitutional

5. Financial Problems The National Debt was growing. We owed:
States debts from the Revolutionary War
Debts from the government under the Articles of Confederation
Individual American Citizens which held bonds

6. The Rise and Fall of Alexander Hamilton
Wanted to pay national debt by buying back bonds from the war.
Wanted to pay all state debts which occurred during war.
Wanted to have a protective tariff on imports
Wanted to establish a national bank.

7. Hamilton’s Plan
Proposed that the new government pay off the millions of dollars in debts
Proposed to pay of state debts from war
Proposed to pay off all bonds

8. Thomas Jefferson opinions about Hamilton’s plan
Believed paying war bonds would benefit speculators and not strengthen nation.
Against tariffs because benefited the north and hurt the south
He felt a national bank was unconstitutional and gave to much power to the central government. Should stay on the state level!

9. Bonds
Paper notes promising to repay the money in a certain length of time.

10. People who risk money in order to make a larger profit
Speculator
People who risk money in order to make a larger profit

11. Compromise gives us Washington D.C.
To appease the Southern states, Hamilton promised that the capital of the USA would be moved to what call Washington, DC
This would be a special district laid out between Maryland and Virginia.
The Southern states agreed

12. A tax on import to encourage people to buy American products.
Protective Tariff
A tax on import to encourage people to buy American products.
Shoes in Italy cost $2 before tariff, but $4 after tariff
$2 tax will go towards government debt
Benefited the northern manufacturing companies.
The southern people felt that it made them suffer for the northern good.

13. The fight over the bank Hamilton wanted a national bank
Most southern states felt that it would benefit only the wealthy
Pres. Washington agreed with Hamilton and it was enacted
Many felt that the bank was unconstitutional
Argument will continue…..

14. Washington’s Farewell
8:2 Early Challenges
Whiskey Rebellion
Struggle in the West
Problems with Europe
Washington’s Farewell

15. Whiskey Tax
Tax on whiskey makes the cost of whiskey good up and demand goes down.
Western farmers felt like it penalized them for the good of the country.
Farmers rebel
Washington sends out the troops to put down rebelling farmers.
Results: The government will put down any social disorder for the good of the country.

16. Struggle over the West Native Americans deny any power over them.
Spain and France encourage Native Americans to rebel over white settlement in the west.

17. White settlers demand western land
Native Americans fight back over land in the West.
George Washington sends out the troops to end the fighting between Native American and Settlers.
American troops defeat Native Americans in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
Native Americans sign a peace treaty.

18. French Revolution
“Citizens” demand their independence from King Louis the XVI
Executed the King and many French Noblemen.
George Washington vows to not get involved in the bloody and violent revolution.

19. Britain and France go to war
France recruits American ships to capture British warships
Britain attacks American cargo ships and impresses sailors to fight in war.

20. George Washington wants to remain neutral in the European Wars.
Neutrality
George Washington wants to remain neutral in the European Wars.
He felt that European Wars would not benefit Americans
He issues the Proclamation of Neutrality which prohibited Americans from trading or fighting in the war.

21. John Jay
Supreme Court Chief Justice went to Britain to compromise with Britain over the impressment of sailors, taking of American ships and the British troops in the Western forts.

22. Jay’s Treaty
Great Britain to remove troops from Ohio River Valley forts
Great Britain will pay back the American ships and cargo taken
America will pay back old loans prior to the Revolution
Americans will allow trade with some British Caribbean colonies

23. Don’t want to pay back old loans
American’s Are Angry
Don’t want to pay back old loans
Did not solve issue of impressments of sailors
Did not stop Britain from interfering with American trade.

24. Opens up the Western frontier for settlement.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Treaty with Spain that gave Americans the right to use the Mississippi River for trading.
Opens up the Western frontier for settlement.

25. Washington’s Farewell
Precedents: He set a fine example of an excellent President
He warns America to stay away from political parties and foreign affair wars

26. France starts attacking ships because angry over Jay’s Treaty
XYZ Affair
France starts attacking ships because angry over Jay’s Treaty
Adams wants to avoid war and sends a delegation to make peace with France
France refuses to compromise unless given money and a loan from America
Americans outraged by blackmail

27. “Millions for Defense but not one cent for tribute”
America prepares war against France
Builds up navy and army
Captured over 90 French ship
France backs down and makes peace with America

28. Alien Act
Gave the president power to deport, or send aliens out of the country that he felt was dangerous.
Naturalization Act: Must live in the country 14 years before applying for citizenship

29. Sedition Act
It is a crime to speak or write any criticisms of the government, congress or the President.

30. State’s Rights
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions state that any state has the right to judge the constitutionality of a federal law and they could nullify, or legally overturn, a federal law if considered unconstitutional.