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Darfur Genocide By Clare Brennan
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Map of Sudan and the Darfur region
Darfur is a region within Sudan. This map shows where exactly Darfur is located. It also shows Sudan’s capital, Khartoum. The region of Darfur can be divided into North Darfur, South Darfur, and West Darfur. It is about the size of France and has a population of over 3 million. Map of Sudan and the Darfur region
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Vocabulary Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels
Janjaweed: a government funded armed tribal militia group within Sudan SLA: (Sudan Liberation Army) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government JEM: (Justice and Equality Movement) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government Omar al-Bashir: the president of Sudan who possesses almost all effective political power Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels
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“US” = SLA + JEM + People of Darfur (Black Sudanese)
“THEM” = Janjaweed + Sudanese government (Arab Sudanese) -In genocide, there’s typically us v. them -This case… -It is Blacks v. Arabs, therefore = racially based Genocide is racially based
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Neglected children living in Darfur
8 stages Origins of Conflict Civil war Tension btwn Darfurians + Arabs over land rights Janjaweed = old rivals of SLA and JEM Govt. neglect lead to poverty and starvation -There were two civil wars that broke out before Neglected children living in Darfur
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8 stages Timeline 1956: Independence from Britain
Civil War: North vs. South – ends in 1972 1983 – Civil War starts again 1990’s – govt ignores Darfur violence Feb – rebel groups attack 2005 – Comprehensive Peace Agreement
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Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir
8 stages State Sovereignty Authoritarian govt, all power given to President Omar al-Bashir Sept – UN proposes resolution putting sanctions against Sudan’s leaders Haven’t done so, afraid to challenge state sovereignty Sudan currently has an authoritarian government in which all effective political power is in the hands of their president, Omar al-Bashir. In September of 2004, the United Nations created a resolution that threatened to impose sanctions against the Sudanese leaders and target their oil sectors. However, the UN never acted on this resolution due to their reluctance of challenging Sudan’s state sovereignty. Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir
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8 stages How genocide is carried out
Muslim Arab Sudanese killing Muslim Black Sudanese (Classification) Carried out by Janjaweed Sudanese leaders fund and supply Janjaweed (Organization, Preparation) Enter villages, kill men, rape women, burn houses, destroy entire villages, separate families, shoot those trying to escape (Dehumanization, Extermination) Escapees travel to Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps Pollute water + cut off economic resources This genocide was the government’s response to the rebellion against them. It is racially-based, because it the Muslim Arab Sudanese who are killing Muslim Black Sudanese. This is how classification occurs – two groups are classified according to their race. The Janjaweed are the ones carrying out the genocide and committing these acts of terror. It is in this part of the genocide that you will see dehumanization, because children are being ripped apart from their families, people are being tortured, and the place where they live and grow is being demolished. Extermination also occurs at this point, when innocent and targeted civilians are killed in groups. The government supplies the Janjaweed financially and with weapons. This is one example of organization an preparation, as this militia group gets ready to attack their victims. They enter villages on horses or camels, attacking people and shooting them. They rape women, burn down buildings, and completely destroy the villages. In these attacks, families are separated and anyone who tries to escape is shot. Those who successfully escape journey to Internally Displaced Persons camps – but not everyone makes it to the camps. The Sudanese government also pollutes the villages’ water by tossing dead bodies into wells and destroys their economic resources.
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Villages in Darfur being burned down and destroyed
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8 stages Statistics Total Deaths Displaced Civilians Deaths per Day
Deaths per Month +400,000 +2,000,000 500 15,000 President Omar al-Bashir is claiming to have only lost around 10,000 lives (denial)
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Suffering children of Darfur
8 stages – review Classification – black Africans vs. Arab Africans Symbolization – no specific examples Dehumanization – harming people, separating families, raping women Organization – govt. funded Janjaweed, planned route of villages Polarization – no help or protection Preparation – govt. cut off Darfur Extermination – burning villages, killing people Denial – reject evidence of genocide Suffering children of Darfur
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International response
Sep, 2004 – US Secretary of State declared this an act of genocide US and UN initiated + supported peace agreements, but many countries will not sign up/will not follow them once signed USA June 2005 – ICC investigated human rights violations in Darfur March, 2009 – ICC issued arrest warrants for al-Bashir, Ahmad Harun, + militia leader Ali Kushayb International Community
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International Response
Justice/Recovery Genocide still going on Justice began thru US and international response, but there is still so much more to be done Some death rates have declined (as a part of recovery), but many people are still suffering/being harmed Many injuries and health concerns still exist and will continue to affect Darfurians even once genocide is ended Corpses in Darfur
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Work cited "11 Facts About Darfur." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar BBC News. BBC, 14 Mar Web. 14 Mar "Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "Darfur ConflictPeace Elusive in War-torn Region." Darfur Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide." Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "The Basic Facts about Darfur." The Basic Facts about Darfur. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "The Free Automatic Bibliography and Citation Maker." EasyBib. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar "United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
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