1. Darfur Genocide
By Clare Brennan

2. Map of Sudan and the Darfur region
Darfur is a region within Sudan. This map shows where exactly Darfur is located. It also shows Sudan’s capital, Khartoum. The region of Darfur can be divided into North Darfur, South Darfur, and West Darfur. It is about the size of France and has a population of over 3 million.
Map of Sudan and the Darfur region

3. Vocabulary Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels
Janjaweed: a government funded armed tribal militia group within Sudan
SLA: (Sudan Liberation Army) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government
JEM: (Justice and Equality Movement) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government
Omar al-Bashir: the president of Sudan who possesses almost all effective political power
Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels

4. “US” = SLA + JEM + People of Darfur (Black Sudanese)
“THEM” = Janjaweed + Sudanese government (Arab Sudanese)
-In genocide, there’s typically us v. them -This case… -It is Blacks v. Arabs, therefore = racially based
Genocide is racially based

5. Neglected children living in Darfur
8 stages
Origins of Conflict
Civil war
Tension btwn Darfurians + Arabs over land rights
Janjaweed = old rivals of SLA and JEM
Govt. neglect lead to poverty and starvation
-There were two civil wars that broke out before
Neglected children living in Darfur

6. 8 stages Timeline 1956: Independence from Britain
Civil War: North vs. South – ends in 1972
1983 – Civil War starts again
1990’s – govt ignores Darfur violence
Feb – rebel groups attack
2005 – Comprehensive Peace Agreement

7. Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir
8 stages
State Sovereignty
Authoritarian govt, all power given to President Omar al-Bashir
Sept – UN proposes resolution putting sanctions against Sudan’s leaders
Haven’t done so, afraid to challenge state sovereignty
Sudan currently has an authoritarian government in which all effective political power is in the hands of their president, Omar al-Bashir. In September of 2004, the United Nations created a resolution that threatened to impose sanctions against the Sudanese leaders and target their oil sectors. However, the UN never acted on this resolution due to their reluctance of challenging Sudan’s state sovereignty.
Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir

8. 8 stages How genocide is carried out
Muslim Arab Sudanese killing Muslim Black Sudanese (Classification)
Carried out by Janjaweed
Sudanese leaders fund and supply Janjaweed (Organization, Preparation)
Enter villages, kill men, rape women, burn houses, destroy entire villages, separate families, shoot those trying to escape (Dehumanization, Extermination)
Escapees travel to Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps
Pollute water + cut off economic resources
This genocide was the government’s response to the rebellion against them. It is racially-based, because it the Muslim Arab Sudanese who are killing Muslim Black Sudanese. This is how classification occurs – two groups are classified according to their race. The Janjaweed are the ones carrying out the genocide and committing these acts of terror. It is in this part of the genocide that you will see dehumanization, because children are being ripped apart from their families, people are being tortured, and the place where they live and grow is being demolished. Extermination also occurs at this point, when innocent and targeted civilians are killed in groups. The government supplies the Janjaweed financially and with weapons. This is one example of organization an preparation, as this militia group gets ready to attack their victims. They enter villages on horses or camels, attacking people and shooting them. They rape women, burn down buildings, and completely destroy the villages. In these attacks, families are separated and anyone who tries to escape is shot. Those who successfully escape journey to Internally Displaced Persons camps – but not everyone makes it to the camps. The Sudanese government also pollutes the villages’ water by tossing dead bodies into wells and destroys their economic resources.

9. Villages in Darfur being burned down and destroyed

10. 8 stages Statistics Total Deaths Displaced Civilians Deaths per Day
Deaths per Month
+400,000
+2,000,000
500
15,000
President Omar al-Bashir is claiming to have only lost around 10,000 lives (denial)

11. Suffering children of Darfur
8 stages – review
Classification – black Africans vs. Arab Africans
Symbolization – no specific examples
Dehumanization – harming people, separating families, raping women
Organization – govt. funded Janjaweed, planned route of villages
Polarization – no help or protection
Preparation – govt. cut off Darfur
Extermination – burning villages, killing people
Denial – reject evidence of genocide
Suffering children of Darfur

12. International response
Sep, 2004 – US Secretary of State declared this an act of genocide
US and UN initiated + supported peace agreements, but many countries will not sign up/will not follow them once signed
USA
June 2005 – ICC investigated human rights violations in Darfur
March, 2009 – ICC issued arrest warrants for al-Bashir, Ahmad Harun, + militia leader Ali Kushayb
International Community

13. International Response
Justice/Recovery
Genocide still going on
Justice began thru US and international response, but there is still so much more to be done
Some death rates have declined (as a part of recovery), but many people are still suffering/being harmed
Many injuries and health concerns still exist and will continue to affect Darfurians even once genocide is ended
Corpses in Darfur

14. Work cited
"11 Facts About Darfur." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
BBC News. BBC, 14 Mar Web. 14 Mar
"Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"Darfur ConflictPeace Elusive in War-torn Region." Darfur Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide." Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"The Basic Facts about Darfur." The Basic Facts about Darfur. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"The Free Automatic Bibliography and Citation Maker." EasyBib. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar
"United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar