1. Chapter 17 Section 2 Rise of the Roman Republic

2. Anticipatory Set
The most powerful political leader in the United States in the President. This leader is elected by the citizens of the United States.
Can you predict what problems might arise in the U.S. if it were a monarchy under the rile of a king?
Today we are going to learn how the ancient Romans rebelled against the rule of a monarch and how their government changed as a result

3. Standards S.S. 6.7.1 E-LA Reading 6.1.3
Identify the location and describe the rise of the Roman Republic, including the importance of such mythical and historical figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus, Cincinnatus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero.
E-LA Reading 6.1.3
Recognize the origins and meanings of frequency used foreign words in English and use these words accurately in speaking and writing

4. Objective
Students will learn how the Roman Republic developed

5. Language of the Discipline
Republic
Consul
Patrician
Plebeian
Debt bondage
Tribune

6. From Monarchy to Oligarchy (Input)
The first rulers or Rome were kings
According to tradition, Rome had 7 kings
Some of these rulers, like Romulus, were legendary
Historians do not know if they really existed, but there is some evidence that suggests that the last 3 kings of Rome did exist
These monarchs were known as the the Etruscan kings

7. The Etruscan Kings (Input)
The Etruscan people lived north of Latium in a region called Etruria
They had an older and more advanced culture than the Romans
The Etruscans were great artists, builders, and sailors
They traveled to other lands around the Mediterranean trading goods, ideas, and customs while also learning many things form other cultures

8. The Etruscan Kings (Input)
They expanded into Latium and a leader known as Tarquin the Eder gained power and became Rome’s king
The thrown was later passed down to two other Etruscan monarchs
Each monarch had broad powers
Served as head of the army, chief priest, and supreme judge
Etruscan kings ruled with wealthy aristocrats
Aristocrats formed a body called the Senate
The Senate advised the king on important matters
There was an assembly made of citizens who could bear arms
The king could consult the assembly at any time but the assembly has no real power

9. The Etruscan Kings (Input)

10. Etruscan Improvements (Input)
Etruscan kings brought many changes to Rome like including a writing system adapted from the Greek alphabet
It became the basis for the Latin alphabet which we still use today
The kings brought a strong military tradition to Rome
Their military organization (based on the phalanx) would later expand Rome
They also improved the city by draining the low marshy areas so people could live between the hills
They created a system to carry away wastewater

11. Etruscan Improvements (Input)
They laid out new streets in a rectangular, or grid pattern
They paved the streets with cobblestone and introduced the use of the stone arch in construction in order to support heavy structures such as bridges
The Etruscans also brought their gods and religious practices
One ritual called augury was used to predict the future
Special priests used methods to read the will of the gods
One method involved the flight patterns of birds and another to examine animal intestines
Augury remained an important part of Roman culture
Etruscan influence did not cause the Romans to abandon their own culture

12. Etruscan Improvements (Input)

13. Formation of the Republic (Input)
When the third Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud, came to rule, the Romans got tired of Etruscan rule
He was so harsh that it lead to a Roman revolt and the Romans overthrew the king, establishing a Roman Republic
A republic is a government in which citizens have the right to vote and elect officials
The word republic comes from the Latin term res publica which means “public things” or “public affairs”
Even though citizens a a role in civic life the Republic was not a democracy

14. Formation of the Republic (Input)
In the early Republic 2 officials called consuls took over the jobs the king used to do
The consuls stood as the highest officials in the Roman government
Their authority was limited, the aristocratic Senate has most of the power
They passed laws and ran the government
Although the assembly still existed, it was becoming controlled by aristocrats

15. The Struggle of the Orders (Input)
Before the rise of the Republic, Rome was divided into 2 main groups called orders
One order was the patricians who represented the upper class of Roman society
Patricians took great pride in belonging to noble families with famous or influential ancestors
The other order was the plebeians, or the common people of Rome
Plebeians were 90% of the population
Some were wealthy but most were ordinary farmers, artisans, and workers
Differences in the orders eventually led to conflict known as the Struggle of the Orders

16. Patricians and Plebeians (Input)
Roman society and government strongly favored the patricians
Patricians ran the government through their control of the Senate
They were leaders of Rome’s social and economic life
The Plebeians had little power or influence
They could not hold political office or serve as priests
They could not advance politically by marrying a patrician. Marriage between orders was prohibited

17. Patricians and Plebeians (Input)
They had little influence on economic life
Most worked as poor peasants farmers. In poor harvest years they had to take out loans to survive
If they could not pay their debt they were sold into slavery
The practice of enslaving people who cannot pay their debts is known as debt bondage
Debt bondage became common and life for plebeians became worse

18. The Plebeians Rebel (Input)
The plebeians began to rebel carrying out random acts of violence against patricians
They realized that the patricians did govern Rome, but could not do it without the plebeian soldiers
Plebeian soldiers went on strike and while Rome was planning to expand their land, they realized they needed to listen to the plebeians to gain their help
The plebeians demanded real power for the common people. Therefore, an assembly known as the Tribal Assembly became part of Rome’s government
The top officials of the plebeian assembly were called tribunes
They had the power to block laws they saw as unfair

19. The Twelve Tables (Input)
2 decades later the plebeians won another major reform which concerned Rome’s legal system
Roman law consisted of ancient customs but none were written down
This allowed judges to choose which laws to follow and which to ignore
Plebeians demanded a written law code
The first law code was known as the Twelve Tables because it was written on 12 tablets
The new code listed rights and duties of Roman citizens, such as the right to take anyone to court
The Roman Republic still concentrated on governing power from the patricians, but slowly was moving into a democracy

20. The Twelve Tables (Input)

21. Check for Understanding
Please determine the BEST answer for the following question.
Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal.
On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

22. Checking for Understanding #1
Fill in the blank
_______________ are the common people of Rome.
Plebeians

23. Checking for Understanding #2
Answer the following question.
The government of Rome began with________________.
Etruscan kings

24. Checking for Understanding #3
Answer the following question.
What did the Twelve Tables do?
Created the first written laws

25. Guided Practice/Independent Practice
Complete questions on the reading comprehension worksheet.
Raise your hand and wait to get stamped.
If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham.
Independent Practice
Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5 on the reading comprehension worksheet.
Homework
Note-taking guide on the reverse side.