1. CCD Camera with USB2.0 & GIGABIT interfaces for the Pi of The Sky Project Grzegorz Kasprowicz PERG dr inż. Krzysztof Poźniak In cooperation with Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and CFT PAN dr hab. Grzegorz Wrochna dr hab. Lech Mankiewicz

2. Plan of presentation Camera specification Prototypes (test board,K1,K2) Gigabit ethernet interface Final version design (K31) Ethernet controlled power switch Summary

3. Aim of presented work General : building set of CCD Cameras for the Pi of The Sky project Currently: design and development of K31 camera with gigabit interface

4. Camera Specification: Sensor: Fairchild CCD442A 2048x2048 pixels USB 2.0 & Ethernet 1000T Interface Programmable exposure and readout time (1s-100s) uC software and FPGA upgrade via USB Peltier cooling of CCD Humidity and temp. measurement inside and outside chamber (CCD, case, ambient ) Build-in mechanical shutter Focusing motor control

5. Prototype : K1 (2003) Power supply board Top view Main board Side view

6. Working K2 cameras (2004) Installed in Las Campanas in Chile

7. K2 Camera Status 2 cameras installed in Las Campanas in Chile works continuously since may 2004 collecting hundreds GB of data many optical flashes and other variable objects detected USB2.0 : Too short maximum cable length (5m) problems with transmission reliability problems with PCs redundancy

8. Gigabit Ethernet interface prototype Gigabit Network adapter FPGA SDRAM USB2.0 interface USB connector 210Ms ADC supply ATX power connector LPF PCI connector

9. Gigabit interface schematic PCI Slave Main control USB 2.0 Microcontroller PCI Gigabit Ethernet Interface Card SDRAM FIFO 2x 1KB PCI Master SDRAM Controller RX/TX Buffers PCI 1000T PLL Registers CCD DATA FPGA DATA

10. New K31 camera prototype with Ethernet interface - under development Digital & supply board Analog board FPGA Gigabit MAC+PHY SDRAM USB2.0 interface Ethernet trafo Connectors USB & Eth DC/DC 3.3V CCD supply Motor driver Supply drivers ADC pre-amplifier CCD drivers CCD

11. Ethernet controlled power switch 2 switched circuits: 3+2 sockets TCP/IP/UDP protocol support 128bit encryption Used in Pi of the Sky in case of emergency - hardware reebot of whole system

12. Achieved results: Generally: Construction and tests of K1 camera prototype and the shutter Construction and tests of two K2 cameras Recently: Development of K31 camera prototype with Gigabit Ethernet interface - still under development

13. Plans for future: Starting production of K31 cameras Readout noise reduction to less than 10e Implementation of more advanced algorithms like Windowing, Drift Scan, Tracking. New cameras with 60mm diameter for telescope applications Implementation of over-sampling techniques and Zero noise CCD concept