1. VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS OF MICRO CHP UNITS COMBINED WITH ACTIVE COMPONENTS REDUCING PEAK LOADS AND LOAD FLUCTUATIONS Dipl.- Wirtsch. Ing. Phillip Gronstedt Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Kurrat F ORSCHUNGSVERBUND E NERGIE N IEDERSACHSEN Energy Research Alliance of Lower Saxony

2. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Agenda Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279 Idea of an Active Distribution Network Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using Flexible Applications within Households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook

3. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Idea Setting up an active distribution network in order to intergrate renewable systems Using a grid-oriented approach: leveling the load profile – reducing peaks Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

4. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Details: The situation at the outset was the following HCHouse Connection AUAccommodation Unit Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

5. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Agenda Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279 Idea of an Active Distribution Network Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using Flexible Applications within Households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook

6. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Load [kW] Initial loadIncl. PV-Systems Time [hh:mm] Consideration of PV Feed-in

7. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Idea of an active distribution networks Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using flexible applications within households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook Agenda

8. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Virtual power plant of combined heat and power micro units  Micro CHP units installed with buffer storage and peak load boiler  A developed energy management system, based on a standard communication (IEC 61850), coordinates the use of the virtual power plant by using UMTS-router Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279 Central Schedule Management

9. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Grid-oriented operation mode Objective: Peak Shaving and leveling of the overall load profile The higher the penetration level of micro CHP units, the bigger is the positive effect for the distribution network Virtual power plant of combined heat and power micro units 1 CHP micro unit 2 CHP micro units 5 CHP micro units 10 CHP micro units 15 CHP micro units 20 CHP micro units 25 CHP micro units 30 micro CHP units electrical load in kW time in ¼ h resulting residential load original residential load Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

10. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Idea of an active distribution networks Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using flexible applications within households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook Agenda Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

11. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Adaptive consumers Household appliances Cluster of devices Scheduler Dynamic load control of small consumers via pooling Hierarchical Multi-Agent System Devices are dynamically clustered into pools Defining load shift schedules Distribution of schedules Perform load shifting schedules Calculate and publish consumpti on statistics Aggre- gation of appliances Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

12. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Agenda Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279 Idea of an Active Distribution Network Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using Flexible Applications within Households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook

13. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Electric storage systems within an active distribution network  Electro-chemical storage systems with up to 5kW and 10kWh are combined with almost every third decentralized power unit.  An algorithm is implemented in MATLAB Simulink with CPLEX- Solver to fulfill different operation concepts (grid vs. market)  The study at hand focuses on grid purposes and compares the performance of centrally installed systems (next to transformer) with those that are positioned decentrally (next to power unit). ©FFE Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

14. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Agenda Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279 Idea of an Active Distribution Network Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant Using Flexible Applications within Households Integration of el. Storage Systems Results and Outlook

15. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Resulting Load Profile Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

16. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Results and Outlook Smart integration of decentralized power units via VPP combined with strategies for DSM & El. Storage units could improve signifanctly the further use of renewable energy resources and the reduction in grid losses within distribution networks. Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

17. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Questions and Answers Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Phillip Gronstedt Working Group Energy Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute for High Voltage Technology and Electrical Power Systems – elenia Schleinitzstraße 23 | 38106 Braunschweig | Germany Email:p.gronstedt@tu-braunschweig.dep.gronstedt@tu-braunschweig.de Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279

18. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Simulation of PV feed in  30% of HC are using PV- Systems with 7kW el  PV is implemented by a physical model for solar radiation and a stochastic component for clouding and shadowing effects  Input: meteorological data Meteomedia, Region Braunschweig/Germany, Year 2009  Three different scenarios SIMULINK-Module Module Specifications Parameter PMPP180 W IMPP7,55 A UMPP23,8 V NOCT48ºC Measurements 166 x 83 x 50 cm (HxBxT) without with partial forecasting Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4 – Paper 0279