1. SPEECH UNIT Part 2: Language & Mass Communication IB11 Language and Literature

2. RESEARCH Using your SMART phones, research: Nelson Mandela (imprisonment and President of South Africa) Springbok Rugby Team Apartheid (what was this in South Africa? Groups involved?) Movie, Invictus

3. MORGAN FREEMAN PORTRAYING NELSON MANDELA IN THE MOVIE INVICTUS Context: The National Sports Council has just voted to change the colors, emblem and name of South Africa’s National Rugby Team, the Springboks. Upon hearing the news, Nelson Mandela (portrayed by Morgan Freeman) rushes to the meeting to persuade the Council to reconsider its vote.the SpringboksNelson Mandela Audience: Purpose: Effects :

4. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: Brothers, sisters, comrades, I am here because I believe you have made a decision with insufficient information and foresight. I am aware of your earlier vote. I am aware that it was unanimous. Commentary: Mandela lets the Council know from the outset that he disagrees with them. However, he is respectful of their authority and explicitly recognizes their vote and the fact that the vote was unanimous.

5. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: Nonetheless, I believe we should restore the Springboks. Restore their name, their emblem and their colors, immediately. Commentary: He states his position clearly, forcefully and at the outset. There is no room for doubt. He still has his work cut out for him, but everyone knows where he stands. Coming clean with his audience at the outset will not likely win much support – but it should earn him some respect for having the courage to state his convictions openly.

6. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: Let me tell you why. On Robben Island, in Pollsmoor Prison, all of my jailers were Afrikaners. For 27 years, I studied them. I learned their language, read their books, their poetry. I had to know my enemy before I could prevail against him. Robben Island Commentary: Here begins the argument. He immediately seeks common ground with his audience. And that ground is obvious – the years of oppression that they all suffered under Apartheid. Of course, Mandela had it worse than most; but he doesn’t pity himself. Instead, he talks about the effort he went through to understand the “enemy” – a strong word – in order to prevail against him.

7. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: And we did prevail, did we not? All of us here … we prevailed. #1 Commentary: ??

8. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: Again, seeking common ground. And also letting the audience know, subtly, that they have already won. There is no need to continue to fight.

9. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: Our enemy is no longer the Afrikaner. They are our fellow South Africans, our partners in democracy. #2 Commentary: ??

10. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: This comes as a shock to many in the audience, but Mandela has to get his point out: times have changed; we need to work together to build the country. It is here that he starts to appeal to his audience to think about a higher ideal.

11. Text: And they treasure Springbok rugby. If we take that away, we lose them. We prove that we are what they feared we would be. #3 Commentary: ??

12. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: Emphasizing that rugby is something more than a sport for the Afrikaners; it is something that runs deep within them. Note the gesture with his fist. And note also the caution at the end that the Council risks becoming, in a sense, as oppressive as the Afrikaners had been in the past. This is a powerful rhetorical tool – showing the audience that their position is similar to something against which they are adamantly opposed.

13. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: We have to be better than that. We have to surprise them with compassion, with restraint, and generosity #4 Commentary: ??

14. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: Another call to a higher ideal.

15. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: I know. All of the things they denied us. #5 Commentary: ??

16. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: Again recognizing the suffering of the audience in the past.

17. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: But this is no time to celebrate petty revenge. This is the time to build our nation using every single brick available to us – even if that brick comes wrapped in green and gold. Commentary: ??

18. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: But immediately appealing once more to the higher ideal and the importance of using every available resource to build the country.

19. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Text: You elected me your leader. Let me lead you now. Who is with me on this? Who is with me? #6 Commentary: ??

20. WHAT DOES THE TEXT SAY? Commentary: Asserting his authority and ending with a call to action.