1. Chapter Four (Part I): Gamelan in Central Java

2. Layers of Influences on Java
Indigenous animistic beliefs
Hinduism
Buddhism
Islam (16th century)

3. Layers of Influences on Java (cont.)
Various Indonesian kingdoms/empires
Portuguese, Dutch, British colonial rule
Independence in 1945

4. Javanese Tuning Systems
Slendro
5 pitches (pentatonic)
Equidistant intervals (all “medium-sized”)
Pelog
7 pitches (heptatonic)
Non-equidistant intervals (“big” and “small”)
5-pitch subsets

5. Loud Style vs. Soft Style
Bronze instruments in foreground
Elaboration by bronze instruments
Soft style
Non-bronze instruments in foreground
Singing

6. Musical Layers in ladrang "Pangkur“
Underlying cycle (“colotomic”)
Main melody (balungan)
Elaboration (panerusan)
Rhythmic control / drumming

7. Summary Layers of ideas, philosophies, and approaches
Musical layers in gamelan music
colotomic (time marking)
tempo leader (drummer)
main melody (balungan)
elaboration

8. Summary (cont.) Two tuning systems Two different “styles” Slendro
Pelog
Two different “styles”
“loud” style
“soft” style