1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

2. Challenges and Changes in the Civil Rights Movement
New Leaders
Black Nationalism
Challenges and Changes in the Civil Rights Movement
Increased violence

3. JOHNSON
& CIVIL RIGHTS

4. Northern Segregation De facto segregation Inner City Ghettos
White Flight
Northern Segregation
Inner City Ghettos

5. & the Black Power Movement
Bobby Seale
Huey Newton
Eldridge Cleaver
CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS
& the Black Power Movement
Malcolm X
Stokely Carmichael

6. Race Riots Los Angeles 1965 Watts Riots California Harlem , Rochester
1964 New York
Detroit
1967 Michigan
Race Riots
Los Angeles
1965 Watts Riots
California

7. 1968 : The Commission on Civil Disorders
Urban Violence
THE KERNER COMMISSION
1968 : The Commission on Civil Disorders
“Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black , one white – separate and unequal.”

8. Radical Views
“Concerning nonviolence: It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks.” 1964
Elijah Muhammed
Nation of Islam
Racial Separation
MALCOLM X
Black Pride
Ballots or Bullets ?
“Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.”1965

9. Malcolm X
Rally in Harlem, June 29, 1963, at the height of his popularity as a public speaker.

10. Malcolm X “Concerning nonviolence:
It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks . It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. …The time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked.” 1964

11. MLK & Malcolm X
“Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.”
1965
Ballots or Bullets Speech
“Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.”
Ballots or Bullets Speech

12. Malcolm X :
Gunned down three months before his 40th birthday, Malcolm X's life was cut short just when his thinking had reached a critical juncture.

13. Stokely Carmichael Black separatism + self sufficiency
SNCC
Black pride + cultural heritage of blacks
Self assertion + retaliation against violence
Stokely Carmichael
Black Power
“This is the twenty-seventh time I have been arrested – and I ain’t going to jail no more !… We been saying freedom for six years – and we ain’t got nothin’. What we’re gonna start saying now is BLACK POWER.”

14. 1968 :Olympic Games Mexico City
Black medalists raise fists for Civil Rights Movement
The two men were Tommie Smith and John Carlos

15. Black Panthers Huey Newton Bobby Seale self defense self sufficiency
founders
Bobby Seale
1966
Oakland , CA
Black Panthers
self defense
self sufficiency
justice and equality

16. Black Panther Party Founders: (left) Bobby Seale - national chairman:
(right) Huey Newton - defense minister
Eldridge Cleaver Black Panther leader

17. Black Panther Rally

18. Police and Panthers face off at Oakland Courthouse

19. Black Panther Rally

20. 1968 End of Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King , Jr. Assassinated
Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated
1968
End of Civil Rights Movement

21. Maya Angelou - 1993 “Lift up your faces ,you have a piercing need
For this bright morning dawning on you .
History , despite its wrenching pain, Cannot be unlived,but if faced with courage need not be lived again.
Lift up your eyes
Upon this day breaking for you.
Give birth again
To the dream.”
-On the Pulse of Morning -

22. CONTROVERSY continued and continues
IS IT
Affirmative Action OR
Reverse Discrimination
CONTROVERSY continued and continues
Bussing
Racial Profiling

23. James Brown 60s soul artist
SAY IT LOUD
I’m Black and I’m Proud