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NOVA’S CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL
OVERVIEW NOVA’S CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL
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NOVA’S Crisis Intervention Model
Maslow’s Hierarchy Psychological First Aid Resiliencey
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Services of crisis team:
– Family Assistance Center (FAC) set-up – Companions – Individual Crisis Intervention (ICI) – Group Crisis Intervention (GCI) – Educational Sessions – Memorial Planning and Assistance – Death Notification
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Diagramming a Disaster
Determine cause: natural, human, technological Determine elements involved: earth, wind, fire, water, people Determine issues of concern: sensorial, duration, conceptual
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Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Pre-disaster Equilibrium Previous disaster history Cultural/economic tensions Warning Characterized by anxiety Disaster subcultures Credible vs. non-credible
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Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Threat Responses vary: emotional problem-solving disengagement or “blunting”
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Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Impact Timing may add to sense of unreality Time warp Duration Survival issues Community pre-occupation Low point vs. no low point
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Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Inventory Disorientation Silence Assessment/triage
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Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Rescue Remedy/Mitigation Disaster euphoria Disillusionment Adjustment Stages
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Diagramming a Disaster Spatial Dimensions
Convergence Proximity Remoteness Geographic Spread
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Diagramming a Disaster
Role Dimensions Assessment of Social Disruption Practical Emotional Distinguishing Features of Community Tragedy
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CRISIS REACTION PHYSICAL Immobilization (“frozen fright”)
Mobilization (fight, flight, or adapt) Exhaustion (problem of sleep)
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CRISIS REACTION EMOTIONAL Shock, Disbelief, Denial, Regression
Cataclysmic emotions Fear, Anger, Confusion, Frustration, Guilt, Shame, Grief Reconstruction of (new) equilibrium
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Elements of Crisis Intervention
Safety and Security Ventilation and Validation Prediction and Preparation
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Group Crisis Intervention(GCI) Techniques
Purpose: Address large numbers Provide peer validation Provide written validation through scribe Begin repair of community’s social fabric Educate community members Affirm hope for the future
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Group Crisis Intervention
Logistics Who and How Many? Where? When? How Long? Setup
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Group Crisis Intervention Roles
Lead Facilitator Support Facilitator – “Scribe” Other GCI Supporters
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NOVA Basic GCI Process Introduction Ground Rules Questions Ventilation
Validation Education/Summary
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Special Issues Death Emotions: Fear, Anger, Guilt, Shame Loss Grief
Death Notification
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Special Issues Long Term Stress
Post-Trauma Character Changes Trigger Events Secondary Injuries
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Special Issues Spirituality
Trauma Impacts Faith Power of Prayer in Crisis Power of Ritual in Crisis Ethical Guidelines for Helpers Survivors are Vulnerable Respect Ritual and Practices
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Special Issues Culture
Matrix of Influences Cultural Action Plan Education Geography, History, Rituals and Routines Entrance into a Different Culture Respect and Good Will
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Special Issues Children
Developmental Stages Spasmodic Crisis Reactions Death Issues Lack of Denial Grief Impact of Parent Loss
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Special Issues Elders Challenges of Aging Season of Losses
Trauma Shatters Beliefs
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Organizing Crisis Response Teams
Goals Assist local caregivers in planning Support local caregivers Train local caregivers Provide crisis intervention
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Organizing Crisis Response Teams
Levels of Service Team Member Roles: HQ Staff, Team Leader, Team Manager, Others (“Worker Bees”) Local Host Flow of Activities
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CONCLUSION “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.” Blanche DuBois ― Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire
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