1. Raise the awareness of Pragmatic Competence: compliment Presenter: Cathy, Vicky and Austin

2. What is  pragmatic competence?

3. An example  When A says the following utterance, what will you respond? Do you think it is a statement?  A: I forgot to take my jacket. B:______________________

4.  A: I forgot to take my jacket. B: Do you want me to close the window ?

5.  So what’s pragmatic competence?  Beyond knowledge of grammar, what are the other important things communicators should know in communication?

6.  “Chomsky accepts that language is used purposefully; indeed, in later writings he introduced the term pragmatic competence-- knowledge of how language is related to the situation in which it is used.  Pragmatic competence 'places language in the institutional setting of its use, relating intentions and purposes to the linguistic means at hand'  (Chomsky, 1980a, p. 225).

7.  Pragmatic competence is defined as the ability to communicate effectively and involves knowledge beyond the level of grammar  (Thomas 1983).

8. What’s the relationship between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence?

9.  "It may be possible to have grammatical competence without pragmatic competence.  Eg.  A schoolboy in a novel Vintage Stuff (Sharpe, 1982) takes everything that is said literally; when asked to turn over a new leaf, he digs up the headmaster's camellias.  But knowledge of language use is different from knowledge of language itself; pragmatic competence is not linguistic competence.

10. Reference:  (V.J. Cook and M. Newson, Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell, 1996)

11.  Can Pragmatic Competence Be Taught?

12.  No.  Competence, whether linguistic or pragmatic, is not teachable.  Competence is a type of knowledge that learners possess, develop, acquire, use or lose.  The challenge for foreign or second language teaching is whether we can arrange learning opportunities in such a way that they benefit the development of pragmatic competence in L2.

13. ways to promote pragmatic awareness  encourage learners to think about how a particular speech act differs in their own language.  encourage students to collect both written and spoken examples, as well as naturally occurring data or from film and television data.  …..

14.  Raise the awareness of pragmatic competence--- take compliment as example

15. Complimenting Questions:  Do you like to compliment people? If yes, in what situations?  Do you like to hear other people compliment you? And whose compliments do you want to hear the most?  Why do people compliment?

16. Social functions of compliments  Creating or reinforcing solidarity  Greeting people  Expressing thanks or congratulations  Encouraging people  Softening criticism  Starting a conversation  Overcoming embarrassment

17. Discussion  What do people usually compliment on?  How does people’s status and age determine the forms of compliment?  Are there gendered differences in complimenting?

18. Formula of compliments in American English Three predominant patterns :  Np + is / look (really) + Adj. (53%) Your blouse looks beautiful.  I (really) like / love + Np. (16.2%) I really like your hardwood floors.  Pron. + is really (a) + Adj. + Np. (14.9 ％ ) That’s really a beautiful car.

19. The majority of English compliments contain one of a highly restricted set of adjectives (80%) and verbs (16%).  Five most frequently used adjectives: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, great  Four most frequently used verbs: like, love, is, look

20. Differences between Chinese and English compliments  frequency  word choices  sentence structure  ways of response

21. Response formulas Acceptance vs. self-effacing 1. A: You look terrific today! B1: Yes, it’s the new me! B2: 哪里，哪里。 2. A: You did a beautiful job. B1: Of course, what did you expect? B2: 这不算什么，还差的远呢。

22. Compliment responses—beyond “Thank you” a. –I really like your hair that way. -Thank you. b. –Super shot! -Thanks, it was a lucky one. c. –You’re doing so well. -Aren’t I? d. –Gosh, you have such a beautiful garden. -It’s given us a lot of pleasure. e. –You’re really a skilled sailor. -This boat virtually sails itself. f. –You sound really good today. -I’m just following your lead.

23. g. –Your report comes out very well. - But I need to redo some figures. h. –I really like this soup. -I’m a great cook. i. –That’s a wonderful piece of work. -What? Are you kidding? j. –Oh, this house is adorable. -Well, it’s really small, though. k. –You look terrific tonight, Mary! -Flattery will get you nowhere, Mr. Jackson. l. -I really like the way you play the piano. I heard something there I’d never heard before. - Well, they just come from sitting and practicing.

24.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QShPN cjgtfs free compliment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QShPN cjgtfs  http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to- give-and-receive-compliments how to give and receive compliment in English http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to- give-and-receive-compliments  http://www.howcast.com/videos/236732- How-To-Compliment-a-Woman how to compliment a woman (choose one among it and the second one) http://www.howcast.com/videos/236732- How-To-Compliment-a-Woman