1. The Reformation
The European World

2. Focus Questions What is reform?
How would you reform the organization of decision making at the H.F. High School?

3. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority

4. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority
printing press spread secular ideas

5. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority
printing press spread secular ideas
German rulers resented the Popes’ attempts to control them
it was difficult for the Pope or Holy Roman Emperor to impose central authority

6. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority
printing press spread secular ideas
German rulers resented the Popes’ attempts to control them
it was difficult for the Pope or Holy Roman Emperor to impose central authority
northern merchants resented paying Church taxes to Rome

7. Martin Luther
became a monk in 1505

8. Martin Luther became a monk in 1505
from 1512 until his death he taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony

9. Martin Luther became a monk in 1505
from 1512 until his death he taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony
wanted to be a good Christian, not to lead a religious revolution

10. Martin Luther became a monk in 1505
from 1512 until his death he taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony
wanted to be a good Christian, not to lead a religious revolution
decided to take a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel

11. Indulgences
a pardon which released a sinner from performing any penalty a priest might impose for sins
a “get out of Hell free” card

12. Johann Tetzel
a German Dominican friar

13. Johann Tetzel a German Dominican friar
raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome by selling indulgences

14. Johann Tetzel a German Dominican friar
raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome by selling indulgences
gave people the impression that buying indulgences could buy one’s way into heaven

15. The 95 Thesis
October 31, 1517
Luther posted his theses (arguments) on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg
invited other scholars to debate him

16. The 95 Thesis
October 31, 1517
Luther posted his theses (arguments) on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg
invited other scholars to debate him
someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer

17. The 95 Thesis
October 31, 1517
Luther posted his theses (arguments) on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg
invited other scholars to debate him
someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer
quickly, Luther’s name became known all over Germany

18. Luther’s Three Main Ideas
people could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
the Church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation

19. Luther’s Three Main Ideas
people could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
the Church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation
all Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible
the pope and church traditions were false authorities

20. Luther’s Three Main Ideas
people could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
the Church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation
all Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible
the pope and church traditions were false authorities
all people with faith were equal
therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them