1. Who do we listen to? Surveying the (Counseling) Landscape Session 2

2. a. Anthropology – “What is the nature of man?” i. To what degree is a person a product of various influences – “nurture”? ii. To what degree is a person a product of his genes/biology – “nature”? I.Key Counseling Issues

3. iii.Is there an essential “person” embedded somewhere within that is separate from, and experiencing the effects of, nature and nurture? I.Key Counseling Issues

4. b.Epistemology – “What is the nature of knowledge?” (i.e. “how do we know what is true?”) i.Experience ii.Intuition iii.Reason iv.Science v.Revelation I.Key Counseling Issues

5. c. Goal of counseling – “What are we trying to accomplish?” d. Role of the counselor – “How can we help?” “How can we help?” I.Key Counseling Issues

6. e. Psychological disorders – “What is a normal/abnormal human?” Secular counseling theories struggle at this point because to answer this question requires answering other questions: - “Who gets to define what is normal human behavior?” - “What criteria is normal based upon?” - “What happens when society’s view of normal changes?” I.Key Counseling Issues

7. a. Depth Psychology – Sigmund Freud Important concepts: Behavioral determinism Three part model of man Three part model of man Role of the unconscious Role of the unconscious II.Secular Counseling Theories

8. b.Behaviorism – B. F. Skinner Important concepts: Important concepts: “Scientific” approach Opposition to Freud Opposition to Freud Desired behavior can be achieved through positive and negative consequences Desired behavior can be achieved through positive and negative consequences II.Secular Counseling Theories

9. c. Human potential Movement/Third Force – Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow Important concepts: Important concepts: Man is inherently good Self-actualization Self-actualization Pre-cursor of the self-esteem movement Pre-cursor of the self-esteem movement II.Secular Counseling Theories

10. d.Cognitive Behavior Therapy – David Burns Important concepts: Important concepts: Thinking leads to feeling Thinking leads to feeling “Behaviorism” at the cognitive level “Behaviorism” at the cognitive level Goal is to feel good Goal is to feel good II.Secular Counseling Theories

11. e. Medical Model Important concepts: Important concepts: Man is primarily a function of Man is primarily a function of his biology his biology II.Secular Counseling Theories

12. Important concepts: Man is created in the image of God in order to represent and serve Him Man is a fallen sinner by choice III. Biblical Counseling

13. a. Only the Christian worldview derived from the Scriptures can accurately account for the existence of man, his nature, his purpose, and his problems. b. Each counselee is accepted as a person God created. IV. Implications of Biblical Counseling

14. c. Authentic suffering exists in a sin- cursed world and should drive humanity to the God of real hope and true justice. d. All counseling must be God-oriented, since He is the one who created man and knows what man needs. e. All attempts to suggest what man should do, value, change, and/or be must come from the creator of man. God’s Word must be submitted to. IV. Implications of Biblical Counseling

15. f. The counselee needs to be recognized as responsible for his fallen condition and the corruption of his heart. g. Real change is possible, and possible now, through the application of the gospel of Jesus Christ applied by the Spirit as man responds in faith and repentance. IV. Implications of Biblical Counseling