1. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9: Music to 1600

2. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Greek Roots of Western Music Greek Music Theory Theoretical Ideas Only (Greek musical practice was lost.) 500 B.C.-200 A.D. Plato Aristotle Vocabulary (Many modern musical words have Greek roots.)

3. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Three Basic Musical Textures Monophonic – Music consisting of a single melodic line Chant Unaccompanied solo singing Polyphonic - Two or more melodies sounding at the same time Row, row, row, your boat Homophonic – Predominant melody supported by harmonic or chordal accompaniment Pop music Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600

4. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Roman Catholic Church (-1600) Liturgy from Jewish Practice Dominant Force in all Cultural Matters for 1400 years. Music Mostly Vocal Monks Boy Choirs Great Repertoire of Chant Melodies Terms Chant Gregorian Chant Melisma Syllabic

5. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Pope Gregory I Established an order for the liturgy Assigned particular items to the various services throughout the church year Provided a uniform repertoire of chant for use by Roman Catholic churches Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600

6. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Development of Musical Notation Aid to Memory This Invention had to Specify: Notes Rhythms Relationships between Parts First Notated (Polyphonic) Composers Léonin Perotin

7. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Polyphony Melodies added to Chant Imitative Counterpoint (Similar to a canon like Row, Row, Row Your Boat.) Unified the Compositions Characteristics of Polyphonic Texture Comparing the Lines Usually Different Texts Sometimes Different Languages Often Difficult to Understand Intersection of Lines Creates the Chord Concept

8. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Renaissance Humanism Secularism Optimism Reform Historic Names Michelangelo da Vinci Martin Luther Gutenberg Shakespeare Composers Josquin des Prez Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Giovanni Gabrieli

9. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Choral and Vocal Music Motet Sacred polyphonic composition a Cappella (Voices Only) Non-liturgical Based on chant 4 to 6 independent melodies Madrigal 4-5 Parts Chamber Music Secular Lively

10. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Choral and Vocal Music (cont.) Mass Part of the Catholic liturgy. Two types Low – priest intones or sings High – sung by choir  2 parts Machaut – “Messe de Nostre Dame” Josquin and Palestrina Terms Choral Cantus Firmus Polychoral Homorhythmic Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600

11. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Instrumental Music String Instruments Lyre Lute Viele Wind Instruments Recorder Shawm Keyboard Instruments Harpsichord Clavichord Beginning to be Notated (Preserved) Grouped into Consorts of Similar Instruments Soprano (Recorder, etc.) Alto (Recorder, etc.) Tenor (Recorder, etc.) Bass (Recorder, etc.) Instrumental Music Ricercar Canzona

12. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 The Reformation Martin Luther 1517 Creates Protestantism Vernacular Services Church of England 1534 Counter Reformation of Catholic Church Anthem

13. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Hildegard of Bingen Nun Theologian Mystic Poet Scientific Writer Composer

14. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Important Composers des Prez Court musician and composer Secular and sacred works Using motets, developed new compositional style de Palestrina Choirmaster and composer Primarily sacred works Gabrieli Organist and choirmaster Polychoral sacred works Used antiphonal dialogue technique Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600

15. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Chapter Summary What types of music might have existed before written history? How might secular Medieval music have been similar to pre-historic music? Notation and Polyphony developed together. Do you think one led the other? How did the printing press affect the development of Western Music?

16. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9 Music to 1600 Image Credits Slide 2Royalty-Free/CORBIS Slide 6M. Freeman/PhotoLink/Getty Images