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“The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the Friar.”
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(Archbishop) (Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop)
Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest
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Secular Priests Parish priests (also called Secular Priests) are supported by the Church and are accountable to the Church
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(Archbishop) (Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop)
Diocesan Visitation (Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop) Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest
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Mendicant Friars Medieval creation of a new type of priest
They were called Friars from (Frater) “Brother” Also referred to as Regular Priest (as opposed to a Secular Priest)
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Friars Belonged to Specific Orders
Augustinians Franciscans Benedictines
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Differences Between Religious and Secular Priests
Friars belonged to an order Friars could not be parish priests (Council of Trent ) Friars lived by begging (Real Patrona) Friars did not answer to bishops; rather, under the jurisdiction of their religious order
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Age of Discovery Friars had the missionary zeal
Established in the Americas Unprecedented Power Began acting like Secular Priests
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Friars Lose Power in Americas
Gold/Silver Changes things
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Shift to the Philippines
Pagan Land Limited Civil Authority Undesirable Colony Distance Climate/Disease Indios Poor
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Pope’s Compromise (Apostolic Brief: 1567 from Pope Pius V to King Philip II)
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Social Engineering
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From Highest to Lowest Class (Socially)
Peninsulares Creoles Filipinos Mestizos Chinese Indios
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From Highest to Lowest (Politically/Religious)
Governor General Spanish Soldiers Local Officials Archbishop (Manila) Friars
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254 priests for 600,000
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Encomenderos (Encomienda System)
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Provinces (divided among the Orders)
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Provinces; Municipios; Barrios
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Political/Social Engineering Poblacion
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Every Municipio has its Patron Saint Annual Town Fiesta
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) Synchronism
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) Pasyon
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Hacienda
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Middle Man
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Social/Theological Issues Utang na Loob
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How the Friars Gain POWER
Social/Theological Issues Confession
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