1. Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim

2. Durkheim Theory & Methods
The Theory
Preindustrial
Industrial
Simple D.O.L.
Complex D.O.L
Collective conscience
Individualistic
Mechanical Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Sacred
Secular
Social integration high
Social integration low
Consensual norms
Anomie

3. Shifting Social Integration
Mechanical Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Simple D.O.L. =
same tasks
Collective conscience =
Same beliefs
Consensual norms=
behaviors =
High Social Integration
Complex D.O.L.= Different tasks Individualism = Different beliefs Different norms= different behaviors = Lower Social Integration

4. The glue that holds society together
Mechanical Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Homogeneity Sameness Sacred
Heterogeneity Differentness Interdependent Secular
Mechanical Glue is Stickier than Organic Glue
Mechanical Glue is stickier than Organic Glue

5. The Shift in Social Integration
Anomie
Social Integration

6. Theory to Research: The Social Science Leap (1897)
More integration: Less Anomie Less integration: More Anomie More Anomie: More Suicide Less Anomie : Less Suicide

7. The basic scientific method
Theoretical DEDUCTIVE Empirical INDUCTIVE

8. From the Theoretical to the empirical
Theoretical: Less integration: More Anomie: More Integration: Less Anomie
[Operationalization]
Empirical: Religion Suicide Rates
Jews Low
Catholics Medium
Protestants High

9. And back to theory….
Egoistic suicide: Suicide as a means to escape facing the consequences of actions.
Altruistic suicide: Suicide as a means to contribute to the social group.
 Anomic suicide: Suicide from a loss of social contacts and sense of belonging.
Fatalistic suicide: Suicide to escape the rules of a social group.