1. Historical Timeline Italy - city states controlled by ruling. Rulers are called princes Competition between city states for grandest halls and cathedrals Princely courts commission art - more focus on the secular rather than the sacred Application of science and math to art Patronage and Artistic Life Family would have private chapels in local churches - commission artwork Paintings are identified by patron’s chapels Influence of the patrons - preference for style; control of the subject including placement of donors in religious works; choice of medium Training programs for artists ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter 21 - Renaissance 15th C Italy Key Ideas: Humanisn - focus on the human form and the secular along with the religious Revitalization of classical ideals - literature, history, and philosophy Development of linear perspective and atmospheric perspective to convey three dimensional space Revival of large scale nudes Architecture opens up light spaces, balanced and symmetrical

2. ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter 21 - Renaissance 15th C Italy Innovations in Painting Linear perspective - Filippo Brunelleschi Tromp l’oeil technique - “fool the eye” use of perspective Atmospheric perspective - things further away are smaller, blurred and bluer Foreshortening - altering the image to project or recess from the picture plane Light source is outside the picture plane Triangular composition - figures raised to heaven Early Renaissance dominated by Religious paintings but then move to portraits and mythological scenes reflecting humanism Exploration of the male nude

3. Innovations in Architecture Dome of Florence Cathedral - two domes, one inside the other Lantern on the top of the dome Herring bone pattern of the brick construction gives it strength Renaissance architecture based on geometry - Vitruvious Palaces - multilevels - some inspired by Colloseum Rusticated exteriors Innovations in Sculpture Perspective used in sculpture as well as painting Relief castings and carving create a sense of space ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter 21 - Renaissance 15th C Italy Major Artistic Characteristics:

4. Vocabulary Humanism Orthogonal Pilaster Quattrocento Rusticate Trompe l’oeil Lantern Linear perspective Atmospheric perspective Vanishing point Horizon line symmetrical Images/Names to Know Architecture Dome of Florence Cathedral/Brunelleschi Palazzo Rucellai/Alberti Sant’ Andrea/Alberti Painting Holy Trinity/Masaccio Tribute Money/Masaccio Annunciation/Angelico The Last Supper/Castagno Room of the Newlyweds (ceiling)/Mantegna Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter/Perugino Birth of Venus/Botticelli Birth of the Virgin/Ghirlandaio Damned Cast Into Hell/Signorelli Sculpture Sacrifice of isaac/Ghiberti Sacrifice of Isaac/Brunelleschi Gates of Paradise and Isaac with Jacob/Ghiberti Four Crowned Saints/di Banco David/Donatello Gattamelata/Donatello Colleoni/del Verrocchi ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE - Chapter 21 Renaissance 15th C Italy Innovations in Luxury/Alternative Arts: