1. CHAPTER 7: THE CHALLENGE OF CHRISTENDOM Church and Empire in Tension (pgs. 124-146)

2. Two English Sources of Light  Boniface: The Apostle to the Germans Benedictine Monk in England Left to do missionary work in the Netherlands = failure Went to pope for guidance, sent him to Germany  A Wandering Bishop  Working with the Frankish Government  Bede: The Historian-Monk Spent entire life in same monastery Wrote explanations of Scriptures and sermons on religious topics

3. Church and State Entangled  The Donation of Pepin: The Papal States Pepin helped pope drive off Lombards, gave him territory  Charlemagne: A Return of the Roman Empire Pepin’s son Charles organized part of Western Europe into a Frankish kingdom  Conversion by the Sword  An Emperor Again Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor to the Romans”  An Emphasis on Education  Direction for the Church  The Fate of the Empire  For Review pg. 132

4. A Feudal Way of Life  A System for Defense  The Pyramid of Feudalism Serfs, landlords/vassals, higher lords, king  Living Conditions Lords and wealthy vassals lived in castles on their estates  The Feudal Monastery  Church had major role with bishops and abbots often being powerful lords of feudal estates  Church remained only constant and promised salvation

5. Other Peoples Turn Christian  The Vikings: Invaders from the Sea  “sea rovers” aka Norsemen (men from the north)  Invasion spurred feudalism  The Slavs: Lining Up with the Eastern and Western Churches  A Need for Worship in Their Own Language Slav state, Greater Moravia developed Byzantine emperor sends Cyril and Methodius to live with Slavs; devised Slavic alphabet  Other Slavic Peoples  Poland, Russia, Magyar For Review pg. 141

6. Royal Pains for the Church  Conflicts of Church and State  East-Versus-West Tensions  The Papacy Up for Grabs Roman nobles control appointment of pope Pope John XII and King Otto I  Bishops and Abbots Indebted to Counts and Dukes Simony: “buying” office of bishop  Cluny: A Creative Response to the Church-State Dilemma  Duke begins new Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France, independent of any control by local lord or secular ruler  For Review pg. 144