1. Human Biology
The Human Body

2. The Body as a Whole… Your body is busy working 24/7
Blood is pumped through vessels by your heart…
Air is pushed in and out of your body by your lungs…

3. The Body as a Whole…
Your intestines are giving off chemicals that break food down…
Nerves are sending out signals from your brain to all parts of your body

4. The Body as a Whole…
Chemical messengers are regulating all kinds of processes
These activities may seem quite different- and in many ways they are, but…

5. The Body as a Whole…
They all have the same purpose: to delicately control the body’s internal environment.
The human body’s internal environment must remain stable, or constant, even during extreme changes in its environment or activities of the body.

6. The Body as a Whole… Homeostasis – stable internal environment.
AKA the process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.

7. Levels of Organization…Cells
Cells: the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

8. Levels of Organization…Cells
Each cell of your body has its own job.
For example:
Absorbing cells
Cells lining the small intestine absorb digested food and transport it to the bloodstream which delivers it to all parts of the body

9. Levels of Organization…Cells
More examples:
Assembly cells
These cells are responsible for putting together important chemical substances. For example, the pancreas contains a variety of assembly cells. Some produce enzymes and some produce hormones.
Enzyme=chemicals that help break food down into simpler substances
Hormones=chemical messengers that help to regulate certain activities of the body

10. Levels of Organization…Cells
More examples:
Cells for movement
For example, muscle cells
These cells are unlike any other cells in your body
They have the ability to contract, or shorten
This causes movement

11. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Tissues: a group of similar cells that perform the same function
There are 4 basic types of tissue in the human body
Muscle
Connective
Nerve
epithelial

12. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Muscle tissue
The only kind of tissue in the body that has the ability to contract, or shorten

13. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Types of muscle tissue:
One type causes your body to move by pulling on bones when it contracts
Another type lines the walls of structures inside your body and moves food from your mouth to your stomach
A third type is found only in your heart, and enables the heart to contract to pump blood

14. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Connective tissue
Provides support for your body and connects all of its parts
Bone- provides structure and support
Blood- carries food and oxygen to all cells of the body

15. Levels of Organization…Tissue
And fat- keeps the body warm, cushions internal structures from the shock of sudden blows, and also stores food

16. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Nerve tissue
Carries messages back and forth between your brain, spinal cord, and every other part of your body
Nerve messages can travel at speeds of up to 100 meters per sec

17. Levels of Organization…Tissue
Epithelial tissue
Forms a protective surface on the outside of your body
One kind makes up your skin
Another kind lines the cavities, or hollow spaces of the mouth, throat, ears, stomach and other body parts

18. Levels of Organization… Organs
Organs – different types of tissues combine to form organs
An organ is a group of different tissues with a specific job
For example: heart, stomach, brain, eye, skin, tongue

19. Levels of Organization…Organ Systems
Organ system – a group of organs that work together to perform a specific job
Each system performs a special function for the body, yet no one system acts alone
There are eleven organ systems of the human body

20. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Skeletal Protects, supports, allows
movement, produces blood
cells, and stores minerals
Muscular Allows body movement and
maintains posture

21. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Digestive Breaks down food and
absorbs nutrients
Circulatory Transports nutrients, wastes,
and other materials and plays
a role in the immune
response

22. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Respiratory Exchanges oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
blood and air
Excretory Removes solid and liquid
wastes

23. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Nervous Detects sensation and
controls most functions
Endocrine Plays a part in the regulation
of metabolism, reproduction,
and many other functions

24. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Reproductive Performs reproduction and
controls male and female
functions and behaviors
Immune Controls the immune
response and fights disease

25. Human Body Organ Systems
System Function
Integumentary Protects, regulates
(skin) temperature, prevents water
loss

26. Human Biology Review List the levels of organization in humans.
What are the four basic types of human tissue?
List the organ systems of the human body.
Using any type of machine as an example, explain how each part of the machine works together with every other part so that the machine can do its job. Compare this with the way the systems of the body work together.

27. Levels of Organization Review
The body as a whole
The process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is called homeostasis.
Humans, like all living things, need energy to do work.

28. Human Biology Review Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a multicellular living thing include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
Cells come in all shapes and sizes. Regardless of its job or shape, a cell works in harmony to keep the body alive
Cells are the building blocks of living things

29. Human Biology Review Levels of Organization, continued
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function
There are four types of tissues in the human body: muscle, connective, nerve, epithelial
Muscle tissue has the ability to contract, or shorten, allowing one type of muscle tissue to make the body move.

30. Human Biology Review Levels of Organization, continued
Another type of muscle tissue lines walls of internal structures of the body
A third type of muscle tissue enables the heart to contract
Connective tissue provides support for the body and connects its parts
Nerve tissue carries messages back and forth between the brain and spinal cord and every other part of the body

31. Human Biology Review Levels of Organization, continued
Epithelial tissue forms a protective surface on the outside of the body and lines its internal cavities
An organ is a group of tissues with a specific function
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific job