1. Clauses and phrases showing contrast and exception "
A clause is a collection of words that has a subject that is actively doing a verb. The following are examples of clauses:
Clauses of contrast : although , even if, for all , in spite of , however, much as.

2. Contrasting information and showing an exception
Use while , unlike and in contrast to in order to present contrasting information especially in writing. 
Example:
While the typical Italian person thinks school is boring , the typical Japanese person doesn't 
Unlike the Japanese , Italians seem to drink a lot of bottled water.
In contrast to Italian drivers , Japanese people drive on the left. 
Use except (that) , except (for) and except for the fact (that) to show an exception. 
Example:
Both like TV, except (that) the typical Japanese person watches more of it. 
Italian and Japanese people are fairly different , except for the age they get married. 
Japanese people typically consume less , except for the fact that they drink more tea.  

3. Phrases I go to school in the morning.
A phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject and a verb. For example:
in the morning
This phrase tells us when something will happen, but there isn't a subject, a person or a thing, and there isn't a verb describing activity or existence. Here's how to fix it:
I go to school in the morning.
Phrases are very important in English because they provide necessary information