1. English I Honors Mr. Popovich

2. The perspective of a work of literature is the vantage point from which we view it. Is it from the author’s perspective? Is it from the narrator’s perspective? Is it from a character’s perspective? Is it from the reader’s perspective?

3. The difference is in the perspective! The tone is the writer’s/narrator’s perspective. Is the writer using a persona to narrate? How does he/she feel about the topic? The mood is the reader’s/audience’s perspective. What is the effect created? It usually uses “You-understood”

4. Mrs. Gray was thirty, and so sweet and so lovely, you cannot imagine it; and Sadie was ten, and just like her mother, just a darling slender little copy of her, with auburn tails down her back, and short frocks; and the baby was a year old, and plump and dimpled, and fond of me, and never could get enough of hauling on my tail, and hugging me, and laughing out its innocent happiness.... from “A Dog’s Tale” by Mark Twain admiring, affectionate What is the tone of this passage? What phrases help create this tone? Who is the narrator of this passage?

5. Point of view is the perspective or vantage point from which a writer narrates the story. Omniscient Limited First-Person

6. In the third-person omniscient point of view, the all-knowing narrator… plays no part in the story knows and can tell what every character in the story thinks and feels knows what is happening at any point and at any setting of the story

7. How can you tell that this excerpt is written from the omniscient point of view? The frown on the bachelor’s face was deepening to a scowl. He was a hard, unsympathetic man, the aunt decided in her mind.... The smaller girl created a diversion by beginning to recite “On the Road to Mandalay.” She only knew the first line, but she put her limited knowledge to the fullest possible use.... It seemed to the bachelor as though someone had had a bet with her that she could repeat the line aloud two thousand times without stopping. from “The Storyteller” by Saki It includes more than one perspective: the aunt, the young girl, the bachelor

8. In the third-person limited point of view, the narrator… knows and can tell what only a single character thinks and/or feels plays little or no part in the actual story itself

9. So they parted; and the young man pursued his way until, being about to turn the corner by the meeting-house, he looked back and saw the head of Faith still peeping after him with a melancholy air, in spite of her pink ribbons. “Poor little Faith!” thought he, for his heart smote him. “What a wretch am I to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too.” from “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne How can you tell that this excerpt is written from the limited point of view? It uses third- person pronouns (“he”), but it includes only one perspective

10. In the first-person point of view, the narrator… knows and tells only what he or she thinks and feels is a character in the story may or may not be reliable Is the narrator trustworthy? Is the information conflicting? What is the narrator’s motive?

11. At three o’clock I cried, “Print off,” and turned to go, when there crept to my chair what was left of a man. He was bent in a circle, his head was sunk between his shoulders, and he moved his feet one over the other like a bear. I could hardly see whether he walked or crawled.... “Can you give me a drink?” he whimpered.... I went back to the office, the man followed with groans of pain, and I turned up the lamp. “Don’t you know me?” he gasped. from “The Man Who Would Be King” by Rudyard Kipling How can you tell that this excerpt is written from the first-person point of view? It uses first- person pronouns (“I”), and it includes only one perspective

12. There are two other Points of View to know, but neither of them is used much in fiction. Third-person objective is used in news reports. It is a “fly-on-the-wall” perspective It relates only what is done and said Second-person is used in instruction manuals. It addresses the reader directly It usually uses “You-understood”

13. Irony is the contrast between the expectations of the audience and reality of the characters. There are three types of irony: Verbal- the contrast between what a character says and what he/she really means Dramatic- the contrast between what the audience knows and a character knows Situational- the contrast between what the audience expects and the actual events

14. Ambiguity is the element of uncertainty. It means that something can be interpreted in a number of different ways. Ambiguity… adds complexity to a work invites readers to propose a variety of interpretations is found in subtle language and fine distinctions

15. Identify and explain the irony in each of these situations: verbal irony situational irony dramatic irony The whole movie audience knows that a killer is waiting behind the door. One viewer yells, “Don’t go in there,” just before the character opens the door. A man has just finished a fancy meal at a French restaurant and wants to compliment the chef. As he begins to speak, he lets out a long and loud burp. After tripping over his own feet, the freshman exclaims, “That was graceful!”

16. 1. What is the difference between tone and mood? Tone is from the author’s/narrator’s perspective, while mood is from the reader’s/audience’s perspective. 2. What are three common points of view in fiction? Third-Person Omniscient, Third-Person Limited, and First-Person 3. What are two common points of view in nonfiction? Third-Person Objective (News Reports) and Second-Person (Instructions) 4. What is irony? What are the three types of irony? Irony is the contrast between what is expected and what happens; The three types of irony are Verbal, Dramatic, and Situational. 5. What is ambiguity? How does it affect a story? Ambiguity is the element of uncertainty found in a piece of literature. It adds complexity, allows interpretations, and requires close reading.