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Radar Waveforms Generation & Analysis Islamic University of GAZA (IUG)
Project: Radar Waveforms Generation & Analysis by Matlab Prepared for: Dr. Mohammed Ouda Islamic University of GAZA (IUG) Done By: Jalal Al-Roumy Akram Abu-Raida
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* Outlines: Choice importance . Factors of choice. Classification.
Pulse shapes. Major types. Matlab Codes. References.
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* Why is waveform’s type so important?
The correct choice of waveform defines all the main characteristics of the radar as: - Performance of target detection. - Resolution (angular, range and frequency). - Measurement ( range, velocity & error). - Classification and recognition.
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*Factors of the selection of a particular waveform :
Requirements of : Range coverage. Doppler coverage. Detection probability. Resolving capability. Measurement errors. Interference rejection. Enhanced modes of operation. Cost and complexity.
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* waveform’s Classification :
Depends on the parameter chosen for classification : Character of variation in time domain. Usage of intra-pulse modulation or not. Pulse compression type. Frequency-coded waveforms types. Phase-coded waveforms types. Discretization.
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* The most popular pulse shapes :
Sinusoidal. Rectangular. Gaussian. Triangular. Sawtooth. Exponential.
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* Pulse Shapes:
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* Main Waveforms :
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Advantages : 1- CW Waveforms : Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t.
Used: CW ,Doppler & Bistatic Radars. Advantages : Simplified design . Low power. Measure target velocity. Disadvantages: Need coding to determine range. Tx & Rx separation at high power.
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Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages : Disadvantages:
2- FMCW Waveforms : Eqn. : f(t) = f0 + αt. Used: In CW radars. Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages : Less sensitive to doppler shifts. Disadvantages: Has range-doppler cross coupling -> measurement errors. Range sidelobes are high -> weighting required -> 1-2 dB loss in SNR.
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Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t. (for Ton), Et = 0 (for Toff).
3- Simple Pulse : Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t. (for Ton), Et = 0 (for Toff). Used: Old Radars, Inexpensive Radars. Types: long & short. Advantages : Low cost. Long: doppler resolution. Short: range resolution. Disadvantages: Long: range resolution. Short: doppler resolution.
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Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages :
4- LFM Waveforms : Eqn. : f(t) = f0 + αt. Used: In pulse radars. Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages : Less sensitive to doppler shifts. The easiest to generate. Disadvantages: Has range-doppler cross coupling -> measurement errors. Range sidelobes are high -> weighting required -> 1-2 dB loss in SNR.
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Types: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical. Advantages :
5- NLFM Waveforms : Eqn. : Types: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical. Advantages : Very low range sidelobes. For tracking systems. Disadvantages: Complex. The limited developments.
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6- Phase-coded Waveforms :
Types : binary & polyphase. Codes: Barker, P-codes. Advantages : low range sidelobes. Preferred in jamming conditions. Disadvantages: Poor resolution in presence of distributed clutter. The implementation is more complex than that of LFM.
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* Matlab Code:
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* CW Code:
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* LFMCW Code:
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* LFMCW Code:
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* NLFM Code:
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* Uncoded Pulse:
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* References : Skolnik, Radar Handbook, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1990.
Barton & Leonov, Radar Technology Encyclopedia, Artech House, 1998. US Navy, Aviation Electricity And Electronics, NAVEDTRA Mahafza & Elsherbeni, MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design. Levanon & Mozwson, Radar Signals.
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