1. Blood Vessels of lower limb
Objectives
Describe topography of major vessels
Illustrate clinical relevance of vascular anatomy

2. Blood Vessels of lower limb
They include the following:
Femoral, popliteal, obturator, gluteal, tibials and their branches
Great and small saphenous veins and their tributaries
Deep veins (Femoral, popliteal, tibials)

4. Gluteal Region Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery
They are branches of the internal iliac artery
They supply the gluteal region
Obturator artery is abranch of the internal iliac artery
It passes through obturator foramen
It supplies the medal side of the upper thigh

5. Femoral Artery
It is the contiuation of the external iliac artery at the mid inguinal point
It descends in the femoral triangle
Then, it continues in the adductor canal
It reaches the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery
It supplies all structures in the thigh

7. Femoral Artery Superficial circumflex iliac artery
In the femoral triangle, it gives the following branches:
Superficial circumflex iliac artery
Superficial epigastric artery
External pudendal artery
Deep artery of the thigh
Muscular branches

8. Deep Artery of the Thigh
It is the main artery of the thigh
It gives the following branches
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery which gives a descending branch
Perforating arteries

9. Popliteal Artery
It is the continuation of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus
It runs through the popliteal fossa
It ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into its terminal branches
It gives the following branches:
Medial superior genicular artery
Lateral superior genicular artery
Medial inferior genicular artery
Lateral inferior genicular artery
Middle genicular artery

10. Popliteal Artery
At the lower end of the popliteus muscle, it divides into:
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery which gives the peroneal artery

11. Anastomosis around the Knee Joint
Is made by the following branches:
Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral
Descending genicular of femoral
Anterior tibial recurrent
Five branches of popliteal artery

12. Anterior Tibial Artery
It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery
It supplies all structures in the anterior compartment of the leg and perforating branches to lateral compartment
It ends at the midpoint between the malleoli
It continues as Drorsalis Pedis Artery
It gives anterior medial and lateral malleolar branches

13. Posterior Tibial Artery
It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery
It supplies all structures in the posterior and lateral compartment of the leg
It runs behind and inferior to lateral malleolus
It then divides into Medial and Lateral plantar branches
It gives the following branches:
Peroneal artery which gives lateral malleolar and calcaneal branches

14. Drorsalis Pedis Artery
It is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery at the midpoint between the malleoli
It gives the following branches:
Lateral tarsal
Medial tarsal
Arcuate
1st dorsal metatarsal
Deep plantar

15. Plantar Arteries The posterior tibial artery divides into:
Lateral plantar
Medial plantar artery which gives the first plantar metatarsal artery
Deep plantar arch is formed by the deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis artery and lateral plantar artery

16. Anastomosis around the Ankle Joint
Is formed by the following branches:
Calcanean branches of posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
Medial and lateral malleolar
branches of anterior tibial artery
Malleolar branches of posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

17. Veins of the Lower Limb
Deep veins accompany arteries of the lower limb internal to the deep fascia
Superficial veins are not accompanied by arteries in the subcutaneous tissue
Deep veins of the foot are drained to the dorsal venous arch
Medial and lateral marginal veins emerge from the sides of the arch

18. Veins of the Lower Limb Cont.,
The medial marginal vein continues as great (large) saphenous vein
It ascends in front of the medial malleolus to the leg and thigh
It passes through the
saphenous opening
to end in the femoral
vein

19. Veins of the Lower Limb Cont.,
The lateral marginal vein continues as lesser (small) saphenous vein
It ascends on the posterior aspect of the leg
It ends in the popliteal vein
Perforating veins connect the lesser saphenous vein with deep veins (One way valve)

20. Lower limb Vasculature
Applied anatomy
Surface anatomy
Arteriography and veinography
Varicose veins
Obstructive vasculopathy
Arterial pulse
Deep vein thrombosis

21. Surface Anatomy Femoral Profunda Popliteal Posterior tibial Peroneal
Medial plantar
Lateral plantar
Anterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis

22. Veins

23. Arteriogram

24. Varicose veins

25. Arterial pulse

26. Lymphatics

27. Anastomosis in the Lower Limb
Anastomosis between different arterial branches
To ensure blood circulation in the case of occlusion in any artery
Cruciate anastomosis
Geniculate anastomosis
Plantar anastomosis