1. Muscle Flash Cards Lower Limb
Prepared by: Feng-Yen Li
Supervised by: Kim Topp

2. Introduction Useful tips for usage:
These flashcards are meant to help you learn the movements of the muscles. They are most useful when you see how the movements makes sense in relation to the origin and insertion points.
For exam purposes, you only need to know (memorize) the action, innervation, and arterial supply of each muscle. But Italicized = do not need to know for exam.
The purple slides are summary slides (if applicable) of subsequent muscles. Use these to learn the common properties of groups of muscles.
Information about each muscle is also listed in the notes section under each picture slide.
The titles in table of contents are hyperlinked its slide, but you need to go into presentation mode to use the hyperlinks.

3. Acknowledgements Special thanks go to:
Kim Topp for reviewing all the slides for validity.
Daniel Orjuela and Paul Teresi for taking the cadaver pictures.
UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassador Program for funding this project.
UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassadors and Mentors for offering useful suggestions.
Members of the UCSF Class of 2009 for inspiring and supporting me to do this project.

4. Useful Websites Here are other useful sites to learn the muscles:
(shows each muscle in isolation)
(has many nicely labeled cadaver pictures)

5. Table of Contents Anterior Thigh Medial Thigh Posterior Thigh
Sartorius
Quadriceps
Medial Thigh
Adductors
Gracillus
Posterior Thigh
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Long Head of Biceps Femoris
Anterior Leg
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral Leg
Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis
Posterior Leg
Superficial Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Deep Muscles
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Posterior

6. Anterior Thigh Action Extend leg at knee joint (except sartorius)
Innervation Femoral nerve
Artery Supply femoral artery

7. Sartorius Origin Insertion Origin Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine)
Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee
Innervation Femoral nerve
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery
Insertion

8. Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine)
Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee
Innervation Femoral nerve
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery

9. Quadriceps Origin Insertion Origin Femur Insertion Patella
Action Extends the knee
Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve
Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

10. Quadriceps Origin Femur Insertion Patella Action Extends the knee
Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve
Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

11. Medial Thigh Action Adduct thigh at hip joint
Innervation Obturator nerve

12. Adductors Origin Insertion Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis
Insertion Femur shaft
Action Adducts thigh
Innervation Obturator nerve
Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

13. Adductors Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis
Insertion Femur shaft
Action Adducts thigh
Innervation Obturator nerve
Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

14. Gracilis Origin Insertion Origin Inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine)
Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur
Innervation Obturator nerve
Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery
Insertion

15. Gracilis Origin Inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine)
Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur
Innervation Obturator nerve
Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery

16. Posterior Thigh (Hamstring Muscles)
Action Flex the leg at knee joint, extend thigh
Innervation Sciatic nerve

17. Semitendinosus Origin Insertion Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Tibia (pes anserine)
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed)
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery
Insertion

18. Semitendinosus Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Tibia (pes anserine)
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed)
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

19. Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Medial tibial condyle
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed)
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

20. Semimembranosus Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Medial tibial condyle
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed)
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

21. Long Head of Biceps Femoris
Origin
Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Fibular head
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery
Insertion

22. Long Head of Biceps Femoris
Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Fibular head
Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally
Innervation Sciatic nerve
Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

23. Anterior Leg Action Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
Innervation Deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal)
Artery Supply Anterior tibial artery

24. Tibialis Anterior Origin Insertion Origin Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion 1st metatarsal
Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

25. Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion 1st metatarsal
Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

26. Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin
Origin Fibula
Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe
Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery
Insertion

27. Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin Fibula
Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe
Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

28. Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin
Origin Fibula
Insertion Middle and distal phalanges
Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery
Insertion

29. Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin Fibula
Insertion Middle and distal phalanges
Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

30. Lateral Leg Action Evert the foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Artery Supply Peroneal artery

31. Fibularis Longus Origin Insertion Origin Head of fibula
Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base
Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries
Insertion

32. Fibularis Longus Origin Head of fibula
Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base
Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries

33. Fibularis Brevis Origin Insertion Origin Fibula
Insertion 5th metatarsal base
Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery
Insertion

34. Fibularis Brevis Origin Fibula Insertion 5th metatarsal base
Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery

35. Posterior Leg Action Plantarflex the foot and flex the toes
Innervation Tibial nerve
Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

36. Superficial Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot
Innervation Tibial nerve
Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

37. Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion
Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg
Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery
Insertion

38. Gastrocnemius Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg
Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery

39. Soleus Origin Insertion Origin Fibula and Tibia
Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries
Insertion

40. Soleus Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries

41. Deep Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot and flex toes
Innervation Tibial nerve
Artery Supply Posterior tibial artery

42. Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin
Origin Tibia
Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery
Insertion

43. Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin Tibia
Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

44. Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin
Origin Fibula
Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery
Insertion

45. Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin Fibula
Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

46. Tibialis Posterior Origin Insertion Origin Fibula and Tibia
Insertion Various locations at the base of foot
Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries
Insertion

47. Tibialis Posterior Origin Fibula and Tibia
Insertion Various locations at the base of foot
Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries