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The Muscular System 10
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Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View
The 40 superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body Figure 10.4b
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Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View
The 27 superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body Figure 10.5b
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Muscles: Name, and Action
Name and description of the muscle – be alert to information about the muscle given in the name Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the origin and insertion Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on one’s own body
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Muscles of the Face Figure 10.6
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Muscles of Mastication
Figure 10.7a
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
Figure 10.8a
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Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior
Figure 10.9a
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Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior
Figure 10.9b
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Deep Back Muscles 1 8 2 3 7 6 4 5 Figure 10.9d
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Muscles of Respiration
The primary function of deep thoracic muscles is to promote movement for breathing External intercostals – more superficial layer that lifts the rib cage and increases thoracic volume to allow inspiration Figure 10.10a
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Muscles of Respiration
Internal intercostals – deeper layer that aids in forced expiration Diaphragm – most important muscle in inspiration Figure 10.10a
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Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm
Figure 10.10b
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
8 7 9 6 1 5 4 3 2 Figure 10.11a
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11b
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11c
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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
9 1 2 8 3 7 4 5 6 Figure 10.13a
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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Figure 10.13b
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 10.14a
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 10.14d
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Figure 10.14c
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Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Forearm extension The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm extension Forearm flexion Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm flexors The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps stabilize the elbow
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Muscles of the Forearm The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexor retinacula and extensor retinacula Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but pronate the forearm The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in supinating the forearm
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Forearm: Superficial Anterior Compartment
4 5 3 These muscles are primarily flexors of the wrist and fingers and pronators 2 1 6 8 7 Figure 10.15a
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Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment
1 2 6 3 4 Deep Deepest 5 Figure 10.15b, c
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Forearm: Superficial Posterior Compartment
1 9 2 8 3 These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers 4 7 5 6 Figure 10.16a
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Forearm: Deep Posterior Compartment
These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers and the supinator 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 10.16b
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Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee Extend the leg (anterior compartment) Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment) Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh Adduct the thigh (medial compartment) These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension
The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius assist in flexion
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension
Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus
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1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 7 12 8 9 Figure 10.19a
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements
Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the lateral rotators Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles (adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)
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1 2 * * 3 4 5 6 Figure 10.20a
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements
1 2 7 4 8 5 6 9 3 Figure 10.20b
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Movements: Knee Joint sole extensor of the knee
quadriceps femoris flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris hamstrings Figure 10.19a
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Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis (peroneus) tertius 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 10.21a
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Muscles of the Anterior Compartment ISOLATED
Figure 10.21b-d
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Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
plantar flex and evert the foot fibularis longus fibularis brevis 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 Figure 10.22a
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Muscles of the Lateral Compartment - ISOLATED
Figure 10.22b, c
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
primarily flex the foot and the toes gastrocnemius soleus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus 1 2 3 4 Figure 10.23a
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP
1 2 3 4 Deep 5 6 Figure 10.23b, c
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST
* * * 1 2 3 Deepest 4 7 5 6 Figure 10.23b, c
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED
Figure 10.23d-f
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