1. THE HIP JOINT

2. Muscles of the Hip

3. Gluteus Maximus
O: lower posterior iliac crest and posterior surface of the sacrum
I: gluteal tuberosity (upper, posterior aspect of the femur) & I.T. band
Actions:
Extension of the hip
External rotation of the hip
Lower fibers (below the center of motion) assist in adduction

4. Extension

5. Gluteus Maximus
Produces hip extension beyond 15 degrees; not used extensively during walking
Strongly used during running, hopping, skipping, and jumping
Best isolated with the knee flexed to reduce hip extension from the hamstrings
40 degrees

6. Gluteus Medius O: outer surface of the ilium just below the crest
I: greater trochanter
Actions:
Abduction of the hip
Anterior fibers: Internal rotation,
Posterior fibers: External rotation.

7. Gluteus Minimus
O: outer surface of the ilium beneath the gluteus medius
I: greater trochanter of the femur
Actions
Abduction of the hip
Internal rotation

10. Gluteus Medius and Minimus
During walking these muscles abduct (or hold up) the free leg, preventing it from sagging.
Both are important in transferring weight from one leg to the other (e.g. running, hopping, skipping, etc.)
Their effectiveness decreases with age.

11. Biceps Femoris Lateral side Origin: Insertion: Head of the fibula
1.) Long head - ischial tuberosity;
2.) Short head - lower half of the linea aspera
Insertion: Head of the fibula
Action:
Extension of hip
External rotation of the hip (and knee)
(Flexion of knee)

12. Biceps Femoris
One of the hamstring muscles (semitendinosus and semimembranosus)
A two-joint muscle which is a powerful hip extensor unless the knees are flexed
Isolated during leg curls with some external rotation of the hip and knee. This “lines up” the origin and insertion.

14. Semitendinosus Medial side; superficial Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal end of the tibia
Action:
Extension of the hip
Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)
Flexion of the knee

16. Semimembranosus Medial side, deeper than semitendonosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia
Action:
Extension of the hip
Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)
Flexion of the knee

18. Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus
Two-joint muscles
Used in ordinary walking for hip extension
Best exercised with knee flexion exercises (leg curls) with the hip and knee internally rotated
Help to medially stabilize knee

19. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: iliotibial (I.T.) band Actions:
Flexion of the hip
Internal rotation
Abduction of the hip

20. Tensor Fasciae Latae Prevents external rotation at the hip is flexed
Stretching
Strengthening

21. Tensor Fascia Latae (Anterior View)

22. Iliopsoas Origins: I: lesser trochanter of the femur Actions:
iliac fossa
vertebral bodies of the last thorasic and lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
Actions:
Flexion of the hip
External rotation

23. Iliopsoas Strong hip flexor muscle
Raises legs off the floor from the supine position.
Pulls anteriorly on the lower lumbar vertebrae
May aggravate lower back problems
Abdominal muscles can prevent lumbar strain
Used during complete sit-ups and straight leg sit-ups.
Stretching this muscle requires hyper-extension of the hip.

24. Pectineous O: pubic crest or ramus I: below the linea aspera Actions
Flexion
Adduction
Internal rotation

25. Tensor Fasciae Latae
Pectineus

26. Adductor Brevis Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line (linea aspera)
Actions:
Adduction
External rotation

28. Adductor Longus Below the adductor brevis
O: front of the pubis just below its crest
I: middle third of the linea aspera
Actions:
Adduction
Flexion

29. Adductor Magnus Located posterior to the longus
O: edge of the pubic crest and ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera
Actions:
Adduction
External rotation

30. Gracilis O: pubic crest I: medial condyle of tibia Actions:
Adduction at the hip
Internal rotation
[Flexion at the knee]

31. Adductor Muscles Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Not heavily used in ordinary movements
Horse back riding, the breaststroke kick in swimming

32. Sartorius Origin: Anterior-superior spine of the ilium
Insertion: Anterior medial condyle of the tibia (behind the medial condyle)
Action:
Flexion of hip
External rotation of the hip
[Flexion of the knee]

34. Sartorius Longest muscle in the body
It is a two-joint muscle; hip flexion and knee flexion
It is weak when both actions take place at the same time.

35. Rectus Femoris Two joint muscle; most superficial
Origin: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the ilium
Insertion: top of the patella and patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
Actions:
Flexion of the hip [Extension of the knee]

36. Rectus Femoris A two-joint muscle: hip flexion and knee extension
Powerful knee extension when the hip is extended but weaker when the hip is flexed.
The gluteus maximus and the hamstring muscles will extend the hip making the rectus femoris stronger during knee extension

37. Hip Rotator Muscles
ANTERIOR
Obturator Externus
Anterior

38. Hip Rotator Muscles POSTERIOR Piriformis Gemellus superior
Obturator internus Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Posterior

39. Hip Rotator Muscles
Posterior
Posterior

40. Hip Rotator Muscles
Posterior
Anterior

41. Six Hip Rotator Muscles
Common action is External Rotation
Powerful external rotation of the hip is required to throw a baseball, swing a bat or golf club.
The sciatic nerve passes just inferior to the piriformis therefore a tight piriformis muscle my contribute to compression on the sciatic nerve.

42. Review

43. Name the action at her hip
Abduction

44. Name the action at his right hip
Flexion

45. Name the actions at her hip
Extension, Abduction & External Rotation

46. Name the two action at his right hip
Extension and External Rotation

47. Name the action at his hip
Flexion

48. Name the actions at his hip
Flexion and External Rotation and Abduction

49. Name the actions at his hip
Flexion and Adduction

50. The Femur 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = Head Neck Greater trochanter3.
The Femur 1. 2.
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
7 =
Head
Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Linea Aspera
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle 4. 5. 6. 7.

51. Anterior 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = iliac crest anterior spine1.
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
iliac crest
anterior spine
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
ischial tuberosity
pubis crest 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

52. Name the sections of the pelvis1.
Ilium 2.
Pubis 3.
Ischium

53. Posterior 1. 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = iliac crest greater trochanter
ischial tuberosity
lesser trochanter
linea aspera 2. 3. 4. 5.

54. Name the muscle Gluteus Maximus Actions:
extension of the thigh at the hip
lateral rotation of the thigh
lower fibers (below the center of motion) assist adduction
upper fibers (above the center of motion) assist in abduction
Gluteus Maximus

55. Name the muscle Actions adduction of the thigh at the hip
aids in flexion
Adductor Brevis

56. Name the muscle Actions Gluteus Minimus abduction of the thigh
medial rotation
flexion
Gluteus Minimus

57. Name the muscle Actions: Adductor Longus adduction of the thigh
assists in flexion of the thigh at the hip
Adductor Longus

58. Name the muscle Actions: abduction of the thigh
anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation,
posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation.
Gluetus Medius

59. Name the muscle Actions: adduction at the hip medial rotation
[flexion at the knee]
Gracilis

60. Name the muscle Iliopsoas Actions: flexion of the thigh at the hip
slight adduction
flexion of the spine

61. Name the muscle
Actions
flexion of the hip
adduction
Pectineus

62. Name the muscle Actions: flexion of the thigh at the hip
medial rotation
abduction of the thigh, medial rotation (weak)
Tensor Fasciae Latae

63. Name the muscle Actions: adduction of the thigh at the hip
flexion (anterior fibers)
extension (posterior fibers)
Adductor Magnus

64. What is the most anterior hip rotator muscle?
Obturator Externus

65. What is the common action of these muscles?
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
External Rotation

66. Name the muscle Deep muscle Action: Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)
Semimembranosus

67. Name the muscle Superficial muscle Action: Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)
Semitendonosis

68. Name the muscle Action: Sartorius Flexion of hip
External rotation of the hip
[Flexion of the knee]
Sartorius

69. Name the muscle Actions: Rectus Femoris Flexion of the hip
[Extension of the knee]
Rectus Femoris

70. Name the muscle Action: Extension of hip Flexion of knee
Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee)
Biceps Femoris

71. Name the muscle
Gluteus Medius

72. Name the muscles Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis

73. Name the landmarks
Iliac crest
Anterior spine

74. Name the landmarks
Acetabulum
Sciatic notch
Ischial tuberosity 1 2 3

75. Name the muscles
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius 2 1

76. Iliac Crest 1. Name the muscle Gluteus Maximus Iliotibial band
2. Name the landmark
Iliac Crest
1. Name the muscle
Gluteus Maximus
3. Name the structure
Iliotibial band