1. Principle Skeletal Muscles 1
Muscles of Facial Expression, Muscles that Move the Mandible and Muscles that Move the Eyeballs

2. Muscles of Facial Expression
The muscles of facial expression provide humans with the ability to express a wide variety of emotions. The muscles themselves lie within the layers of superficial fascia. The origins are generally in the fascia or bones of the skull and insertions into the skin of the face

3. Occipitofrontalis Front and Occipital Bellies
Front Belly:
Origin – Epicranial Aponeurosis
Insertion – Skin superior to orbit
Action – Draws scalp forward, raises eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally
Occipital Belly
Origin – Occipital and Temporal Bones
Insertion – Epicranial Aponeurosis
Action – Draws scalp backwards

5. Orbicularis Oris Origin – muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth
Insertion – Skin at corner of mouth
Action – Closes and protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth and shapes lips during speech

6. Zygomaticus Major Origin – zygomatic bone
Insertion – Skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
Action – Draws corners of mouth outward and upward as in smiling

7. Buccinator Origin – Maxilla and Mandible Insertion – Orbicularis Oris
Action – presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling; draws corner of mouth laterally, assists in chewing be keeping food between teeth

8. Platysma Origin – Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
Insertion – Mandible, muscles around mouth and skin of lower face
Action – Draws outer part of lower lip downward and backward as in pouting; depresses mandible

9. Orbicularis Oculi Origin – Medial wall of orbit
Insertion – Circular path around orbit
Action – Closes eye; wrinkles forehead vertically

10. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Origin – Roof of Orbit
Insertion – Skin of upper eyelid
Action - Opens Eye

12. Muscles that Move the Mandible
Also known as muscles of mastication because they are used for biting and chewing. These muscles also assist in speech.

13. Masseter Origin – Maxilla and Zygomatic Arch Insertion – Mandible
Action – Elevates and retracts mandible

14. Temporalis Origin – Temporal Bone Insertion – Mandible
Action – Elevates and retracts mandible

15. Medial Pterigoid Origin – Sphenoid bone and maxilla
Insertion – Mandible
Action – elevates and protracts mandible and moves mandible from side to side

16. Lateral Pterygoid Origin – Sphenoid Bone Insertion – TMJ
Action – Protracts mandible, depresses mandible and moves mandible from side to side

17. Muscles that Move the Eyeballs
Movement of the eyeballs are controlled by three pairs of extrinsic muscles. These are among the fastest contracting and most precisely controlled skeletal muscles of the body.

18. Superior Rectus/Inferior Rectus
Origin – Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit around the optic foramen
Insertion – Superior and central part of the eyeball
Action – Moves eyeball upward and medially and rotates its medially
Inferior:
Origin - Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit around the optic foramen
Insertion – Inferior and central part of the eyeball
Action – Moves eyeball downward and medially and rotates it laterally

20. Lateral/Medial Rectus
Origin – Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit around the optic foramen
Insertion – Lateral Side of Eyeball
Action – Moves eyeball laterally
Medial:
Insertion – Medial Side of Eyeball
Action – Moves eyeball medially

22. Superior/Inferior Oblique
Origin – Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit around the optic foramen
Insertion – Eyeball between superior and lateral recti
Action – moves eyeball downward, laterally and rotates medially
Inferior:
Origin – Maxilla
Insertion – eyeball between inferior and lateral recti
Action – moves eyeball upward and laterally and rotates it laterally

28. Cadaver – face dissection

29. Principle Skeletal Muscles 2
Muscles that act on the abdominal wall, muscles used in breathing and muscles that move the pectoral girdle

30. MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
The anterior abdominal wall is composed of skin, fascia and 4 pairs of muscles.
Tendinous Intersections – bands of connective tissue that divides the rectus abdominis
Linea Alba – tough fibrous band extending from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

31. Rectus Abdominis Origin – Pubis and Pubic Symphysis
Insertion – Costal Cartilage and Xiphoid Process
Action – Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

32. Linea Alba
Tendinous Intersections

33. External Oblique Origin – Lower 8 ribs
Insertion – Crest of Ilium and Linea Alba
Action – Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column. Singularly rotates vertebral column

35. Internal Oblique Origin – Ilium, inguinal ligament
Insertion – Costal Cartilage and linea alba
Action - Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column. Singularly rotates vertebral column

37. Transverse Abdominis
Origin – Ilium, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and costal cartilage
Insertion – Xiphoid Process, linea alba and pubis
Action – Compress Abdomen

40. Muscles Used in Breathing
These muscles alter the size of the thoracic cavity so that breathing can occur. Inhalation occurs when the thoracic cavity increases in size and exhalation occurs when the thoracic cavity decreases in size

41. Diaphragm
Origin – xiphoid process, costal cartilage and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion – central tendon
Action – increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation.

43. External and Internal Intercostals
Origin – ribs
Insertion – ribs
Action:
External – increases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cage resulting in inhalation
Internal – decreases the antroposterior and lateral dimensions resulting in forceful exhalation

45. Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle
These muscles are divided into anterior (pectoralis minor and serratus anterior) and posterior (trapezius, levator scapulae and rhomboid major) thoracic muscles based on their location.
The main action of the muscles is to hold the scapula in place so that is can function as a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus

46. Pectoralis minor Origin – Ribs 3-5 Insertion – Scapula
Action – depresses scapula, moves it laterally and forward

48. Serratus Anterior Origin – Upper 8 or 9 ribs Insertion – Scapula
Action – Moves scapula laterally and forward.
AKA: “the boxer’s muscle” because it is important in horizontal arm movements like punching.

50. Trapezius Origin – occipital bone, spines of C7 and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion – clavicle and scapula
Action – Elevates clavicle, moves scapula medially

52. Levator Scapulae Origin – C1 – C5 Insertion – Scapula
Action – elevates scapula

53. Rhomboid Major Origin – Spines of T2-T5 Insertion – Scapula
Action – Elevates scapula, moves it medially

54. Principle Skeletal Muscles 3
Muscles that move the Vertebral Column, Muscles that move the femur, tibia, fibula foot and toes

55. Erector Spinae
Origin – All ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion – Occipital Bone, ribs and vertebrae
Action – Extends head; extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

57. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID!!! 
Origin – sternum and clavicle
Insertion – Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action – flex cervical spine or rotate head

59. Quadratus Lumborum Origin – Ilium
Insertion – 12th rib and upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
Action – Extend lumbar spine when both are contracted. Flexes lumbar spine when one is contracted

61. Psoas Major Origin – Lumbar Vertebrae Insertion – Femur
Action – Flexes and rotates thigh laterally at the hip

63. Iliacus Origin – Ilium Insertion – Femur
Action – Flexes and rotates thigh laterally at hip

65. Gluteal Muscles Gluteus Maximus, Minimus and Medius Origin – Ilium
Insertion – Femur
Actions –
Maximus: Extends and rotates thigh laterally at hip
Medius and Minimus – Abducts and rotates thigh medially at hip

67. Tensor Fasciae Latae Origin – Ilium Insertion – Tibia
Action – Flexes and abducts the thigh at the hip

69. Adductor Longus Origin – Pubis and Pubic Symphysis Insertion – Femur
Action – Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh at hip

71. Adductor Magnus Origin - Pubis and Ischium Insertion – Femur
Action – Adducts, flexes, medially rotates and extends thigh

73. Piriformus Origin – Sacrum Insertion – Femur
Action – Rotates thigh laterally

75. Gracilis Origin – Pubic Symphysis Insertion – Tibia
Action – Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip and flexes knee

77. Quadriceps Femoris Composed of 4 parts:
Rectus Femorus
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Action – Extend leg at knee joint

79. Sartorius Origin – Ilium Insertion – Tibia
Action – Flexes leg at knee, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint (like corssing legs)

81. Hamstrings Group of 3 muscles:
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Action – flexes leg at knee, extends thigh at hip

83. Tibialis Anterior Origin – Tibia
Insertion – 1st metatarsal and 1st cuniform (tarsal)
Action – dorsiflex and invert foot

85. Peroneus Longus Origin – Fibula and Tibia
Insertion – 1st metatarsal and 1st cuniform
Action – Plantar flexes and everts foot

86. Gastrocnemius Origin – Femur Insertion – Calcaneus
Action – Plantar Flexion; flexes leg at knee

87. Soleus Origin – Fibula and Tibia Insertion – Calcaneus
Action – Plantar Flexion

89. Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin – Tibia
Insertion – Distal Phalanges
Action – Flexes toes

90. Principle Skeletal Muscles
Upper Extremity

91. Biceps brachii Origin – Scapula Insertion – Radius
Action – Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

92. Brachialis Origin – Humerus Insertion – Ulna
Action – Flexes forearm at elbow joint

93. Brachioradialis Origin – Humerus Insertion – Radius
Action – Flexes forearm at elbow joint

94. Triceps Brachii Origin – Scapula and Humerus Insertion – Ulna
Action – Extends forearm at elbow joint

95. Supinator Origin – Humerus and Ulna Insertion – Radius
Action – Supinates Forearm

96. Pronator teres Origin – Humerus and Ulna Insertion – Radius
Action – Pronates Forearm

97. Pronator Quadratus Origin –Ulna Insertion – Radius
Action – Pronates Forearm

98. Flexors Origins – Humerus or Humerus and Ulna
Insertions – Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
Actions – Flexes wrist, hands and fingers

100. Extensors Origins – Humerus or Humerus and Ulna
Insertions – Metacarpals and phalanges
Actions – Extends, adducts and abducts wrist, hands and fingers

102. Pectoralis Major Origin – Clavicle, sternum and 6th & 7th ribs
Insertion – Humerus
Action – Adducts and rotates arm medially

103. Pectoralis Minor Origin – 3rd – 5th ribs Insertion – scapula
Action – depresses scapula

104. Latissimus Dorsi Origin – Spines of lower vertebrae
Insertion – Humerus
Action – Extends, adducts and rotates arm at shoulder

105. Deltoid Origin – Clavicle and scapula Insertion – Humerus
Action – Abducts, flexes, extends and rotates arm at shoulder

106. Subscapularis Origin –Scapula Insertion – Humerus
Action – Rotates arm medially

107. Coracobrachialis Origin –Scapula Insertion – Humerus
Action – flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

108. Serratus Anterior Origin – Upper 8 ribs Insertion – Scapula
Action – Moves scapula laterally and forward (horizontal arm movement)

109. Trapezius Origin – Occipital Bone and spines of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion – Clavicle and Scapula
Action – Elevates clavicle, moves scapula medially, extends head

110. Levator Scapulae Origin – Upper 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae
Insertion – Scapula
Action – elevates scapula