1. Chapter 11 Muscles Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Muscles of the neck and throat
Back muscles
Deep thorax muscles
Abdominal wall muscles
Superficial thorax muscles
Shoulder muscles
Elbow muscles
Forearm muscles
Hip & knee muscles
Leg muscles

2. Chapter 11 Muscles You are responsible for muscles described in class
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve - innervation (if given)
Be able to recognize muscles in all diagrams of text

3. Muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
Sphincter muscle of eyelid
O: frontal & maxillary bones
I: tissue of eyelid
Action: closes eye
Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)

4. Muscles of facial expression
Zygomaticus
O: zygomatic bone
I: corners of mouth
Action: smiling
Nerve: facial / CN VII
Major and Minor
(11.6)

5. Muscles of mastication
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: angle & ramus of mandible
Action: elevate mandible
Nerve: trigeminal nerve / CN V (foramen ovale)
Masseter
(11.7a)

6. Muscles of mastication
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
Action: elevate and retract mandible
Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V
(11.7a)

7. Extrinsic tongue muscles
Styloglossus
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: tongue
Action: retract & elevate tongue
Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII
Styloglossus
(11.7c)

8. Extrinsic tongue muscles
Hyoglossus
O: hyoid bone
I: tongue
Action: depresses tongue
Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII
Hyoid bone
(11.7c)

9. Muscles of neck & throat
Digastric
two muscle bellies with an intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone
O: inferior margin of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly)
I: hyoid bone
Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize hyoid, depress mandible
Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII (posterior belly)
Posterior belly
Anterior belly
(11.8a)

10. Muscles of neck & throat
Stylohyoid
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone
Action: elevate & retract hyoid, swallow
Nerve: facial n. / CN VII
Stylohyoid
(11.7c)

11. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternohyoid
O: manubrium & medial end of clavicle
I: hyoid bone
Action: depress hyoid
Sternohyoid
(11.8a)

12. Muscles of neck & throat
Pharyngeal constrictors
O: mandible, pterygoid process, hyoid, laryngeal cartilages
I: posterior medial raphe of pharynx
Action: peristaltic contraction / swallow
Superior
Middle
Inferior
(11.8b)

13. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium & medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: head & neck flexion, rotate head contralaterally
Nerve: accessory n. / CN XI
(11.8a)

14. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid

15. Back muscles
Spinalis
O: spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column
(11.9d)

17. Deep thorax muscles External & internal intercostals
O&I: inferior & superior border of ribs
Action: inspiration and expiration
Internal
(11.10a)

18. Deep thorax muscles Diaphragm
Xiphoid process
Diaphragm
O: inferior internal surface of rib cage & sternum, inferior costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae
I: central tendon
Action: flattens on contraction (inspiration)
Nerve: phrenic nerves
(11.10b)

20. Abdominal wall muscles
Rectus abdominis
O: pubic crest & symphysis
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, fix & depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure
Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba
(11.11ab)

22. Superficial thorax muscles
Pectoralis minor
O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Action: with ribs fixed, pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly
Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)
(11.13a)

23. Superficial thorax muscles

24. Superificial thorax muscles
Serratus anterior
O: ribs 1-8
I: vertebral border of scapula
Action: hold scapula against chest wall, moves inferior angle of scapula lateral & superior (abduction, pushing, punching)
Nerve: long thoracic nerve
(11.13a,8.1a reversed)

25. Superificial thorax muscles
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes
I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Action: stabilize, elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head
Nerve: Accessory (CNXI), C3 and C4
(11.13b)

27. Shoulder muscles Pectoralis major
O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction, elevation of rib cage
(11.13a)
Nerve: Medial and lateral
pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

28. Shoulder muscles Deltoid (11.13ab)
O: lateral clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula (compare to insertion of trapezius)
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: arm-abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation
Nerve: Axillary nerve(C5-C-6)
(11.13ab)

29. Shoulder muscles Subscapularis O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotate arm, stabilize shoulder joint
Nerve: Subscapular nerves (C5-C7)
(11.14d)

30. Shoulder muscles Infraspinatus O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotate humerus, stabilized shoulder joint
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve
(11.14b)

31. Rotator cuff muscles
Act to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity and prevent dislocation
Supraspinatous (Suprascapular nerve)
Infraspinatus (Suprascapular nerve)
Subscapularis (Subscapular nerve)
Teres minor (Axillary nerve)

32. Elbow muscles Triceps brachii
O: long head-infraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm
Nerve: Radial nerve
(11.14b)

33. Elbow muscles Biceps brachii (11.14c)
O: short head-coracoid process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove)
I: radial tuberosity
Action: flex elbow, supinate forearm, weak arm flexor
Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 & C6)
(11.14c)

35. Forearm muscles Flexor carpi (radialis & ulnaris) radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna
I: metacarpals and carpals
Action: wrist flexion, abduct & adduct hand
Carpal tunnel (Median nerve) syndrome p. 184
radialis
ulnaris
(11.15a)
Anterior view

37. Forearm muscles Extensor carpi O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpals
Action: extend, abduct, and adducts wrist
Palpate forearm muscles

39. Hip & knee muscles Quadriceps femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum, greater trochanter, shaft of femur
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
Action: extend knee, flex thigh

40. Hip & knee muscles Gluteus muscles O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: shaft & greater trochanter of femur
Action: extend thigh (climb stairs, running), lateral & medial rotate thigh, abduct thigh, steadies pelvis

41. Hip & knee muscles Hamstrings O: ischial tuberosity, shaft of femur
I: lateral & medial condyles and shaft of tibia, head of fibula, lateral condyle femur
Action: extend thigh, flex knee
Makes touching toes hard

42. Leg muscles Tibialis anterior O: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
I: tarsal and first metatarsal bones
Action: dorsiflexion

43. Leg muscles Gastrocnemius O: medial & lateral condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Action: plantar flexion, flex knee