1. Lab #15
Muscles

2. Muscles of the Head and Neck

3. The Axial Muscles Divisions based on location and function:
muscles of head and neck
muscles of vertebral column
oblique and rectus muscles
muscles of pelvic floor

4. 6 Muscle Groups of the Head and Neck
1. Muscles of facial expression:
originate on skull
2. Extrinsic (outside) eye muscles:
(don’t need to know)

5. 6 Muscle Groups of the Head and Neck
3. Muscles of mastication:
move the mandible
4. Muscles of the tongue:
names end in glossus (FYI)
5. Muscles of the pharynx:
begin swallowing process (FYI)
6. Anterior muscles of the neck:
control position of larynx
depress the mandible
support tongue and pharynx

6. Muscles of Facial Expression
Orbicularis oris:
constricts the mouth opening
Buccinator:
moves food around the cheeks
Corrugator supercilli – wrinkles forehead
Orbicularis oculi – sphincter of eye

7. Others Zygomaticus – pull skin of mouth up and out when smiling
Levator labii superiorus – raises upper lip
Depressor labii inferiorus – “pouting” muscle

8. Muscles of the Epicranium (Scalp)
Temporoparietalis
Occipitofrontalis:
frontal and occipital bellies
separated by epicranial aponeurosis
Platysma:
covers anterior surface of neck

9. Muscles of Facial Expression
Figure 11–4a

10. Muscles of Facial Expression
Figure 11–4b

11. Summary: Muscles of Facial Expression
Table 11–2 (1 of 2)

12. Summary: Muscles of Facial Expression
Table 11–2 (2 of 2)

13. 3 Muscles of Mastication
Masseter:
the strongest jaw muscle
Temporalis:
helps lift the mandible
Pterygoid muscles (FYI):
position mandible for chewing

14. Muscles of Mastication
Figure 11–6

15. Summary: Muscles of Mastication
Table 11–4

16. Muscles of the Tongue
Don’t need to know any of these
Figure 11–7

17. Muscles of the Neck Digastric: Platysma: Sternocleidomastoid:
from chin to hyoid
also hyoid to mastoid
Platysma:
covers anterior surface of neck
Sternocleidomastoid:
from clavicle and sternum to mastoid

18. Anterior Muscles of the Neck
Figure 11–9

19. Summary: Anterior Muscles of the Neck
Table 11–7

21. Muscles of the chest and abdomen

22. Lab 19: Muscles of the chest and abdomen
Remember: if it’s not on the list, you don’t have to locate it or write about it in the lab report

23. Muscles to know pectoralis major serratus anterior
intercostals (external, internal)
diaphragm
rectus abdominus
obliques (external, internal)
transverse abdominus
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
splenius capitus

24. Oblique and rectus muscles
Lie within the body wall
Generally:
obliques groups are lateral
rectus muscles lie on the anterior midline

25. Oblique and Rectus Muscles
Oblique muscles:
compress underlying structures
rotate vertebral column
Rectus muscles:
flex vertebral column
oppose erector spinae

26. Cervical Oblique Muscles
FYI: Cervical region:
scalene muscles
flex the neck

27. Oblique and Rectus Muscles of the Thoracic region
Figure 11–11a, b

28. Thoracic Oblique Muscles
Thoracic region:
intercostal muscles (external and internal intercostals):
respiratory movements of ribs
FYI: transversus thoracis:
cross inner surface of ribs

29. Thoracic Rectus Group Diaphragmatic muscle or diaphragm:
divides thoracic and abdominal cavities
performs respiration

30. Oblique and Rectus Muscles of the Abdominopelvic region
Figure 11–11a, c

31. Abdominopelvic Oblique Muscles
Abdominopelvic region (same pattern as thoracic):
external oblique muscles
internal oblique muscles
Transversus abdominis – deep to internals

32. Rectus Group -Abdominopelvic
Rectus abdominis:
between xiphoid process and pubic symphysis
divided longitudinally by linea alba
divided transversely by tendinous inscriptions

33. Summary: Oblique and Rectus Muscles
Table 11–9 (1 of 2)

34. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Figure 11–14b

35. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle (1 of 3)
Trapezius:
HUGE
superficial
covers back and neck to base of skull
inserts on clavicles and scapular spines

36. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle (2 of 3)
Rhomboid and levator scapulae:
deep to trapezius
attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae
insert on scapular border

37. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle (3 of 3)
Serratus anterior:
on the chest
originates along ribs
inserts on anterior scapular margin
“serrated”

38. Summary: Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Tables 11–11

39. Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 11–15b

40. Muscles that Move the Arm (1 of 3)
Deltoid:
the major abductor of arm
Supraspinatus:
assists deltoid
Subscapularis and teres major:
produce medial rotation at shoulder

41. Muscles that Move the Arm (2 of 3)
Infraspinatus:
produce lateral rotation at shoulder

42. Muscles that Move the Arm (3 of 3)
Pectoralis major:
between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus
produces flexion at shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi:
between thoracic vertebrae and humerus
produces extension at shoulder joint

43. Shoulder flexion vs extension
Lats and portion of delts
Pecs and portion of delts

44. The Rotator Cuff Muscles involved in shoulder rotation
supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor,and their tendons

45. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Rhomboid and levator scapulae:
deep to trapezius
attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae
insert on scapular border
Also saw trapezius and serratus anterior

46. Muscles of the shoulders, arm, and hand

47. Muscles to know supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis teres major
rhomboid
levator scapulae
deltoid
biceps brachii
brachialis
triceps brachii
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum sup.
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi radialis
brachioradialis

48. Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 11–15a

49. Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 11–15b

50. Muscles that Move the Arm (1 of 3)
Deltoid:
the major abductor
Supraspinatus:
assists deltoid
Subscapularis and teres major:
produce medial rotation at shoulder

51. Muscles that Move the Arm (2 of 3)
Infraspinatus:
produce lateral rotation at shoulder

52. Muscles that Move the Arm (3 of 3)
Pectoralis major:
between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus
produces flexion at shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi:
between thoracic vertebrae and humerus
produces extension at shoulder joint

53. The Rotator Cuff Muscles involved in shoulder rotation
supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor,and their tendons

54. Summary: Muscles that Move the Arm
Table 11–12

55. Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Rhomboid and levator scapulae:
deep to trapezius
attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae
insert on scapular border

56. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Originate on humerus and insert on forearm
Exceptions:
the major flexor (biceps brachii)
the major extensor (triceps brachii)

57. Extensors and Flexors Extensors: Flexors:
mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm
Flexors:
mainly on anterior and medial surfaces

58. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Biceps brachii:
flexes elbow
stabilizes shoulder joint
originates on scapula and humerus
inserts on radial tuberosity

59. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Triceps brachii:
extends elbow
originates on scapula (three spots)
inserts on olecranon
Brachialis and brachioradialis:
assist in flexing elbow (synergists)

60. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand -Extensors
Figure 11–16a

61. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand - Flexors
Figure 11–16b

62. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris:
superficial
flexes wrist
adducts wrist

63. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Flexor carpi radialis:
superficial
flexes wrist
abducts wrist

64. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Extensor carpi radialis:
superficial
extends wrist
abducts wrist

65. Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris:
superficial
extends wrist
adducts wrist

66. Figure 11–16a

67. Figure 11–16b

68. Summary: Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Table 11–13 (1 of 2)

69. Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg and Foot

70. Muscles to know psoas major iliacus gluteus maximus gluteus medius
sartorius
quadriceps femoris (4)
gracilus
adductor longus
biceps femoris
semitendinosis
semimembranosus
tibialis anterior
ext hallucis longus
ext digitorum longus
fibularis (peroneus) longus
gastrocnemius
soleus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

71. Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs
Pelvic girdle is tightly bound to axial skeleton:
permits little movement
has few muscles

72. Muscles that Position the Lower Limbs
Muscles that move the thigh
Muscles that move the leg
Muscles that move the foot and toes

73. Generally… Muscles that are lateral are abductors
Muscles that are medial are adductors
flexors are on inner surface of joint
extensors are on outer surface of joint
Note: in legs and feet, look at each joint individually (cf. arms)

74. Muscles that Move the Thigh
Gluteal muscles
Lateral rotators
Adductors
Iliopsoas group

75. Muscles of hip and thigh
psoas major
iliacus
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
adductor longus

76. Gluteal Muscles (1 of 2) Cover lateral surfaces of ilia
Gluteus maximus:
largest, most posterior gluteal muscle
produces extension and lateral rotation at hip
Originates on illiac crest, etc., inserts on illiotibial tract and femur

77. Gluteal Muscles (2 of 2) Gluteus medius and [gluteus minimus]:
originate anterior to gluteus maximus
insert on trochanter of femur

78. Muscles that Move the Thigh
Figure 11–19a, b

79. Muscles that Move the Thigh
Figure 11–19c, d

80. Adductors Adductor longus: Gracilis (UPPER LEG):
hip flexion and adduction
Gracilis (UPPER LEG):

81. Iliopsoas group 2 hip flexors insert on the same tendon: psoas major
originates on lumbar vetebrae, inserts on femur
iliacus
originates on illium/fossa

82. Summary: Muscles that Move the Thigh
Table 11–16 (1 of 2)

83. Summary: Muscles that Move the Thigh
Table 11–16 (2 of 2)

84. Muscles that Move the Leg
Flexors of the knee:
originate on the pelvic girdle
generally: hamstrings
Extensors of the knee:
originate on the femoral surface
insert on the patella
generally: quads

85. Flexors of the Knee Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
Sartorius:
originates superior to the acetabulum
long, ribbon-like muscle
traverses the quads and wraps around to the back of the knee

86. Hamstrings Made up of: All are knee flexors
biceps femoris (long and short heads)
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
All are knee flexors

87. Muscles that Move the Leg
Figure 11–20a

88. Extensors of the Knee 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris:
3 vastus muscles:
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris muscle

89. Muscles that Move the Leg
Figure 11–20b, c

90. Summary: Muscles that Move the Leg
Table 11–17 (1 of 2)

91. Summary: Muscles that Move the Leg
Table 11–17 (2 of 2)

92. Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes include:
muscles that produce extension at the ankle (Plantar flexion)
muscles that produce flexion at the ankle
muscles that produce extension at the toes
muscles that produce flexion at the toes

93. Muscles that Produce Extension at the Ankle (Plantar flexion)
Calf muscles
Large posterior calf muscles, both insert on Achilles):
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis longus

94. Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 11–21a, b

95. Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 11–21c, d

96. The Achilles Tendon The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon):
shared by the gastrocnemius and soleus

97. Muscles that Produce Flexion at the Ankle
Tibialis anterior:
opposes the gastrocnemius

98. Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 11–21a, b

99. Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 11–21c, d

100. Muscles that Produce Extension at the Toes
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Toe extensors are on top of foot
Note: there are no muscles in toes themselves (only tendons)

101. The Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
Figure 11–22a

102. Muscles that Produce Flexion at the Toes
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus:
oppose the extensors
Toe flexors are on bottom of foot

103. The Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
Figure 11–22b, c

104. Summary: Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes
Table 11–18

105. Lab 15 This is a huge lab (it covers ~3-4 labs worth of material)
Due on day of practical (11/22)